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Lege Artis Medicinae - 2009;19(06-07)
Content
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
[Melatonin, sleep and the circadian rhythm: theoretical considerations and their chronopharmacological applications ]
[The predictive homeostasis of living organisms is an anticipatory adaptation to rhythmical environmental changes. A good example for this is the circadian rhythm preparing the organism for the alternation of day and night. The circadian rhythm of melatonin production anticipates the timing and duration of nocturnal sleep of human subjects. It also induces a sleep-like stimulusprocessing mode of the brain and - in case of adequate environmental circumstances - a soporific and in part, a sleep-inducing effect. Specificities of melatonin effects on sleep are the reduction of slow-wave EEG activity, as well as the increase in seep EEG spindling and REM sleep time. Like other substances with hypnotic properties, melatonin decreases core body temperature, but has also a strong chronobiotic effect that is expressed as rapid and strong phase shifts of the circadian rhythm, depending on the time of day of melatonin administration. Because light acutely suppresses melatonin production, adequately timed light exposition, containing also low wavelength components, together with exogenous melatonin, could be useful in treating jet-lag syndrome and other circadian rhythm disorders.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
[Combination of leflunomide and biologic agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]
[Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that leads to progressive joint destruction, functional disability and extra-articular complications. The initial approach to treatment of RA begins with the diagnosis, estimation of patient’s prognosis and the implementation of a therapeutic plan. Most important is early and aggressive treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Among the different protocols, combination therapies including methotrexate and/ or biologics seem to be more effective than monotherapies. Biological therapies introduced in recent years opened a new era in the treatment of RA. Randomized, controlled trials have demonstrated that the addition of methotrexate to biologic agents, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors generally increases their ability to retard structural damage, reduce disease activity and improve function. However, not all patients tolerate or respond to methotrexate. One of the most common used alternative DMARDs is leflunomide. Earlier several smaller retrospective studies, later prospective cohort studies, and finally two new populationbased longitudinal observational studies found that the above-mentioned parameters in RA patients treated with anti-TNF agents and leflunomide were similar to those receiving anti-TNF and methotrexate in combination. In addition, there were no significant differences in the frequency of adverse events between the groups. Taken together, leflunomide should be regarded as an effective and safe alternative in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
[Original and generic drugs: Research, efficacy, utilization, and financing ]
[Starting from the definition of medicinal drugs, this paper covers the terms of original, active principles, original and generic drugs, and their distinctive and identical properties. It also surveys the fundamentals of drug-marketing authorization, criteria of therapeutic and bioequivalence, pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic equivalence, and development possibilities of generic drugs.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
[Prevalence and potential predictors of morbidity among hungarian female physicians]
[BACKGROUND - We explored the general health status of physicians in Hungary using a nationwide sample. Based on international and Hungarian literature, we hypothesised that the prevalence of psychiatric and somatic morbidity is higher among female physicians in Hungary compared to the normative population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS - The objective of our cross-sectional research was to study the morbidity of Hungarian female physicians as well as to analyse background factors. Data for this national study were collected from 408 female physicians. 818 white collar workers from a representative survey (Hungarostudy 2002) served as controls. RESULTS - The prevalence of chronic somatic morbidity and reproduction disorders among female physicians was significantly higher than that in the control group. The female physicians have more chronic diseases, and the somatic morbidity have been appeared earlier. Correlation analyses confirmed a significant relationship: the chronic morbidity associated with injurious to health, sleep disorders and higher levels of work-family conflict. We found that the prevalence of chronic somatic morbidity among female physicians was significantly higher than that in the respective control groups. CONCLUSION - The higher prevalence of somatic and mental morbidity of Hungarian female physicians has important consequences. This may influence health care systems and thus might lead increased morbidity and mortality of Hungarian population.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
[What worries Hungarian men? - Characteristics of masculine gender role stress]
[INTRODUCTION - The aim of this study was to establish the characteristics of stress associated with male gender role and its relationship to health and to risk behaviours among Hungarian men. SUBJECTS AND METHODS - The present analysis is based on data of the Hungarostudy 2006 survey. Forty-one percent of the participants were men. Eighty nine percent of the male respondents completed the Eisler-Skidmore Masculine Gender Role Stress Scale; data of 1764 persons were analyzed. RESULTS - Anxiety about sexual performance, breadwinner role, and appearance (i.e. tradition factor) causes a much greater burden of stress than anxiety about changing gender relationships (i.e. modernization factor). With the increase of age, stress caused by traditional role expectations significantly decreases; tensions caused by women’s dominance and by situations which demand emotional response and empathy are the highest among middle aged men. Traditional gender role stress is more prevalent among pensioners than among economically active men; stress caused by the modernization of masculine gender role particularly afflicts unemployed men. Married men are to the least extent troubled by female dominance and difficulties in expressing emotions. Of the two dimensions analyzed here (tradition and modernization) only the values on the tradition factor were related to health status, psychological well-being, and frequency of smoking. CONCLUSIONS - Modernization of gender roles represents only a small - if any - stressor in the life of Hungarian men; on the other hand, unsuccessful adaptation to traditional role expectations highly increases the burden of stress and is closely related to smoking.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
Lege Artis Medicinae
JULY 27, 2009
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