Clinical Neuroscience - 1968;21(01)

Clinical Neuroscience

JANUARY 01, 1968

Sur la sémiologie des idioties amaurotiques du type Tay-Sachs en survie prolongée

L. van Bogaert, J. J. Martin

Etude clinique d'une idiotie amaurotique de Tay-Sachs à évolution prolongée sous l'angle des signes de décérébration, des réflexes primitifs et des manifestations d'automatisme médullaire.

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Clinical Neuroscience

JANUARY 01, 1968

Observations upon the So-colled Idiots Savants

CRITCHLEY Macdonald

In drawing the foregoing generalisations it is necessary to realise their limitations. We must agree with the conclusions arrived at by Mitchell, who recognised at least three psychological categories: (1) the “calculating prodigies — who may be persons of inferior intellectual calibre and who rely upon ingenious shortcuts; (2) arithmetical prodigies like Colburn, and Dase, with a moderately well developed knowledge of arithmetic; and (3) mathematical geniuses, such as the elder Bidder. These are endowed with exceptional abilities, and their knowledge of pure mathematics is profound.

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Clinical Neuroscience

JANUARY 01, 1968

Thorium granulomas in the brain

FREEMAN Walter

Thorotrast was used in 1936 and 1937 to demonstrate the lesions of prefrontal lobotomy. Four patients came to autopsy after 10-22 years, and in each, one or more thorium granulomas were found. These masses ranged from 6 X 8 mm to 8X12 mm in size, were composed of hyaline material enclosed by a thick capsule of mixed connective and glia tissue, and surrounded in part by large phagocytes filled with thorium dioxide particles. Dense connective tissue developed in sulci where thorotrast escaped into the subarachnoid spaces, and marked gliosis with desquamation of the ependyma occurred when it entered the ventricles. The phagocytes in the cases with longer survival often showed vacant cavities where the nuclei should have been. Neurons in the vicinity showed no obvious lesions. The material was described as containing "a very strong thorium source.” It is believed that the alpha particles given off by the thorium are responsible for the formation of the granulomas and, after many years, for the death of the phagocytes. Thorium can safely be used in the brain only for the demonstration of cysts and abscesses which can then be completely removed. A case of such employment was described by Lehoczky in 1939.

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Clinical Neuroscience

JANUARY 01, 1968

Télangiectasies de la moelle dorsale révélées à l'âge de 75 ans par une myelopathie transverse, avec une digression sur l'atrophie spinale segmentaire

GARCIN Raymond, LAPRESLE Jean

L'observation que nous rapportons tire son intêret de la révélation extrêmement tardive (75 ans) d'un angiome de la moelle de type capillaire, resté jusque là cliniquement muet. Elle illustre la longue latence possible des mal formations vasculaires de la moelle, et elle montre qu'il faut toujours penser à cette étiologie devant une affection médullaire dont la cause nous échappe.

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Clinical Neuroscience

JANUARY 01, 1968

[Maladies infectieuses extraneurales du système nerveux complications]

KÖRNYEY István

[Overview of neurological complications of common infectious diseases it is most useful to start from the following classification of encephalomyelitis based on its pathophysiological features, although only certain types are associated with our thymus: 1. meningo-encephalitis; 2. metastatic nodular encephalitis (abscess); 3. diffuse encephalitis, mainly involving the cerebral cortex; 4. polioencephalomyelitis, with pre-dilection areas of the brainstem disease of the prefrontal lobes of the brain; 5. panencephalitis; 6. leukoencephalitis.]

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Clinical Neuroscience

JANUARY 01, 1968

The epileptiform afterdischarge and epileptogenous focus

KREINDLER A.

The afterdischarge is a local process representing a selfsustained repetitive discharge of a group of neurons. According to certain authors, a reverberative mechanism would be the basis of this repetitive afterdischarge, namely, the reactivity of some closed neuronal chains, of some neuronal circuits. The after discharge appearence is not prevented by a cortex area isolation but maybe even supported by it, thus enabling some authors to admit not the necessity of a reverberativ mechanism in the afterdischarge inducement.

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Clinical Neuroscience

JANUARY 01, 1968

The modern concept of polyneuritis

MILLER Henry

Our lack of detailed knowledge of the morbid histopathology of many forms of polyneuritis shows that this is a field where classical neuropathology can still make a major contribution to our understanding. In the toxic polyneuropathies, the experimental animal appears to offer the best hope of further clarification. But of all the possible approaches to the problem that of biochemistry is surely the most promising: the demonstration of a specific abnormality in Refsum's disease and also of genetically determined variations in individual patterns of drug excretion (Evans et al., 1960) suggest the possibility of exciting developments in the area that neurology shares with internal medicine, clinical biochemistry, and experimental pharmacology.

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Clinical Neuroscience

JANUARY 01, 1968

Le réflexe orbito-facial et l'abolition du réflexe plantaire. Doctrine et perception

G. de Morsier

Après les travaux de Robert Wartenberg, on ose à peine parler d'un réflexe non encore décrit. Cependant je n'ai pas trouvé dans son livre, par ailleurs si complet, la description des réflexes dont je vais parler, ni — à plus forte raison - d'indication sur leur valeur sémiologique dans l'examen neurologique de routine. J'exposerai successivement le problème du réflexe orbito-facial et celui de l'abolition (ou de la diminution) du réflexe plantaire. A propos de ce dernier, je montrerai l'influence de la Doctrine sur la perception des phénomè nes, comme, jai l'ai déjà fait récemment en étudiant les discopathies vertébrales traumatiques et dégeneratives (1967).

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Clinical Neuroscience

JANUARY 01, 1968

[Experimental induction of neuropathological processes]

SÓS József

[There are countless experimental ways to create lesions in the nervous system. A wide range of pathological processes can be produced by vitamin deficiencies, amino acid turnover disorders, toxic substance ingestion or vascular damage. It is often possible to detect lesions at an early stage by more sophisticated analysis of the EEG (Fourier analysis, frequency and amplitude machine analysis, desynchronisation, etc.). This is of great importance in the detection of harm caused by pesticides. Not only neuronal degenerations but also myelopathies spinalis can be elicited by a variety of methods. This is in favour of the fact that it is not a specific lesion but a morphological response to chronic damage in general. ]

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Clinical Neuroscience

JANUARY 01, 1968

[The aeromedical significance of electroencephalographic studies]

SZÁK János

[1. It is necessary to stress that in the case of airplanes it is particularly important to look for correlations with the clinical in the case of anomalies. 2. We should not make a decision of unfitness based on eeg, findings alone. 3. We must make sure that the eeg. lesion found is permanent or temporary and make a decision on the basis of this information. 4. Because of the many questions that still need to be investigated, we cannot yet formulate a comprehensive opinion, even in the absence of sufficient material, and can only rely on our experience in the literature. 5. There is no doubt that seafarers with a definite history of epilepsy and organic neurological disorders are not suitable for the occupation, 6. Posterior delta, theta or polymorphic waveforms over the middle regions, especially if they are activating and if there is no neurological history and if the picture is mainly decrescendo, should not be considered as grounds for disqualification, subject to the necessary clinical examination. 7. Essentially the same is true for cases of left temporal focus if there is no detectable mental instability. In cases where there is, it is necessary to remove them from the job because of the latter. 8. Unilateral alpha, beta-reductions are not considered abnormal in the absence of other aspects. 9. The neurological clinic should make the judgement on the inventible, let us call them "functional" eeg. syndromes, if they manifest as signs of brainstem, diencephalic labilitas. 10. With regard to disorientation, if there is no otherwise excluding cause, e.g. narcolepsy, etc., a pathological judgement is not necessarily required. 11. For candidates, the assessment is stricter and we do not consider major irregularity, instability, ", functional" eeg. syndromes as suitable.]

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Clinical Neuroscience

JANUARY 01, 1968

[Rarely recognised peripheral symptoms on the upper limb]

SZŐKE Tamás, HAFFNER Zsolt

[It is quite common to find such diagnoses in the medical reports of the STD specialists, in the final hospital reports; brachialgia, ischialgia, radial paresis, ulnar paresis, etc. without an aetiological analysis of the symptoms thus indicated. And then almost stereotypical therapias suggestion: B, and B, vitamin inject. Most of the time there is not even the need for aetiological clarification. This is particularly surprising when we think: in the case of abducens, oculomotorius, facial paresis, etc., we are far from being satisfied with the indication of the symptom in the diagnosis, but try to exclude as many pathologies as possible: neoplasm, aneurysm, diabetes, lues, arteriosclerosis, etc. ]

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