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Lege Artis Medicinae - 1994;4(11)
Content
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[The use of in situ hybridization in basic biomedical research and clinical medicine]
[The essential purpose of in situ hybridization is the histochemical and/or autoradiographic detection of specific nucleic acid sequences in cells, tissues or chromosomes. The method is based on the use of artificially manufactured DNA or RNA fragments which are label led with isotope, enzymes, biotin or digoxigenin. The specific attachment of these labelled single-stranded nucleic acid probes to intra nuclear or intracytoplasmic nucleic acids can be used for the study of gene expression, for the establishment of viral infections, for the diagnosis of specific tumours and for the detection of hereditary diseases and chromosomal aberrations. The present review discusses the molecular basis of the method, the possibilities of labelling and detection and various other applications.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[The role of nutrition in the etiology and prevention of dental caries]
[Nutritional factors play an important role in the development of both dental caries and periodontal diseases. Dental caries is a multi factorial disease. The changes in the composition and accumulation of dental plaque, caused by physical and chemical components of the diet, are influenced by quantitative, qualitative and frequency factors of carbohydrate consumption. In the course of bacterial degradation of consumed sugars, acids are formed on the tooth by inherent dental plaque monosaccharides, and enamel demineralization occurs. Due to the multifactorial etiology of dental caries, prevention is a complex activity. In addition to fluoride prevention, appropriate oral hygiene measures, directives for a healthy diet, changes in life-style and behaviour are also important factors. For the elimination of the deleterious influence of carbohydrates, the decrease of between-meal snacks, and the use of non-acidogenic sugar substitutes (xylitol) is recommended, which might contribute to a decrease in the high caries prevalence rates in Hungary. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[Activated protein c response: a novel disorder causing thrombophilia]
[In 1993 Dahlbäck described the so-called in vitro activated protein C response phenomena, according to which, the addition of activated protein C to citrated plasma samples prolongs the activated partial thromboplastin times. It was hypothesised that this phenomenon is the result of the action of a new protein C cofactor, and in 1994, Dahlbäck demonstrated that this phenomenon is linked to variations of the factor V, which surprisingly serves as a cofactor for protein C. In this study, forty-one highly selected thrombophilic patients and forty controls were investigated for the activated protein C response phenomenon. The response to activated protein C was expressed as the ratio of two activated partial thromboplastin times, the first in the presence of and the second in the absence of activated protein C. Eighteen patients demonstrated a decreased response, i. e. the ratio of the times was below 2.0 (mean 1.3). The average of the entire group was 1.86. The average ratio of the control group was 3.12, and there were 2 persons with ratios below 2.0. The results of this study correspond with the data in the literature. This newly recognised phenomenon may be responsible for the majority of the formerly unrecognised biochemical defects leading to the clinical picture of thrombophilia. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[Treatment for simplex glaucoma, eye drops or early surgery?]
[Primary open-angle glaucoma (simplex) occurs in -0.5-2% of the European population over 40 years of age and is one of the most common causes of blindness in countries with good public health. The visual field and visual impairment that has already developed with glaucoma is irreversible, so diagnosing the disease at an early stage and starting treatment at an early stage is a prerequisite for saving sight. Unfortunately, initiating treatment does not mean that retinal ganglion cell death and the resulting visual field loss will disappear. Although its rate slows down, progression can be detected in a significant proportion of eyes even with treatment. This is why the focus of glaucoma research today is to analyse the long-term efficacy of treatment.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[News]
[MOTESZ is admitted to the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS); Hungarian-French medical education seminar; Smoking in the third trimester hinders foetal development; In Canada, cigarettes will only be sold in plain packaging in the future; Smoking during pregnancy can cause asthma in the unborn child; Smoking or health centre in NEVI; Smoking ban has not reduced restaurant sales in the US; Smoking during pregnancy can cause limb developmental abnormalities in the foetus; Dr. Zoltán Ajkay's five studies on health insurance reform; Diagnostic centre in Pécs; International meeting in Balatonszárszó; New information centre in Budapest;]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[Summary of the 1993 WHO and ISH guidelines on the management of mild hypertension]
[The World Health Organisation (WHO) and the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) have developed a new guidelines for the management of hypertension. The condition is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in both young and older people, and treatment is essential. The guidelines include methods for dignostic and risk assessment, and options for treatment, including lifestyle modification.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[Truth telling in medical practice]
[Many books and studies have been published on the concept of human autonomy, as well as on the rights of the individual. LAM has also addressed these issues on several occasions with a scientific concern. The subject matter is so much concerned with the subject that a doctor, who is unfortunately no longer quite young, may be allowed to make a few highly subjective comments. The question is usually approached from two quite closely related angles. The 'full' informed consent of the patient in general and the meaning and definition of informed consent in particular. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[Hungarian students on a study trip to Canada]
[On September 23, 1994, the 17-member team of the first "year stream" of the Canadian Institute of Health Management Training landed at Montreal airport to conclude their one-year training as health managers with a two-week study tour of Canada. On this occasion, McGill University organised a four-day accreditation course, complemented by a visit to a teaching hospital with a specific programme.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[Levendel László]
[The dizzying pace of medical progress, for all its positive consequences, has increased the cost of health care to an extent that even the richest countries cannot keep up with. This has been compounded by negative phenomena such as the mechanisation of medicine, the impoverishment of the doctor-patient relationship, the fetishisation of diagnosis, the proliferation of unnecessary tests, and the aggressive pursuit of profits by pharmaceutical companies, which makes rational therapy difficult. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[Health, planning, economy, rheumatology]
[The increase in the price of medicines, the devaluation of the forint, the expected increase in energy prices, the prospect of a wage freeze - from which health workers are no exception - make the situation of health institutions and the entire Hungarian health care system quite hopeless, unless some kind of help comes from the sky - from the budget, from local governments. Let us hope that this help (or rather the value compensation that has not been forthcoming so far) will come, but this does not take the burden off our shoulders of having to learn at least the basic concepts of health economics at a time when Canadian and American universities have health economics departments.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[The evolution of hospital financing in international comparison]
[Austria's problems with its hospital funding system are far from unique. Almost all industrialised countries have fundamental weaknesses in their financing systems. In the following short article, as an introduction, we address the primary question of whether health care systems, and hence hospital systems and in particular their financing systems, are converging internationally over time. We will also address the influence of different factors (such as hospital financing systems) on the level of health expenditure.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[A lively relationship between our country and WHO]
[Dr Pál Kovács, Minister of Public Welfare, and Dr Mihály Kökény, Minister of State for Political Affairs, recently paid a whirlwind visit to the European Office of the World Health Organization (WHO) in Copenhagen. In addition to the signing of a cooperation agreement for a further two years, the visit had several important messages, and it is no coincidence that the first foreign trip of the new leadership of the Ministry was to the WHO.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[Where to go from referral regulation?]
[The Social Security Act 1975/II states that, unless otherwise provided by law, the insured person is entitled to receive specialised care on the basis of a referral from a primary care doctor. The 1989 Council of Ministers Decree implementing the scheme stipulates that the insured person is also entitled to go directly to a specialist doctor's surgery in cases of urgent need. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[Opinion of the Medicina 2000 Association of Polyclinics and Specialists on the current and planned arrangements for referral to specialist clinics]
[In the debates that have taken place on this issue, our association wants to make its voice heard from the side of those who see and experience the abuses in their daily practice, as opposed to those colleagues in general practice, hospital medicine, and sometimes administrative medicine, who only see the situation from afar and whose position is therefore necessarily imprecise.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[Economic issues in health care - the Hungarian model]
[The reform of the health care system is usually a marked requirement of regime change in new democracies. The population expects better care, more humane treatment, lower contributions, a more dignified health service, realistic wages and better professional conditions, alongside greater medical freedom. It soon became clear, however, that the (individually formulated) aspirations of the years around the change of regime, summarised in the heated, active discussions, the nights spent sailing, the forums - half the contributions, twice the services, with three times the pay - are not a reality. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[Discussion on breast screening Swedish experience, Hungarian perspective]
[One of the main topics of the XVII Hungarian Congress of Radiology in Miskolc was the modern radiological examination of breast diseases. The congress was attended by two Hungarian colleagues who are radiologists working in Sweden. Dr. Pál Bordás (BP) has been working in Sweden for four years and Dr. Beáta Bóné (BB) has been living in Stockholm for nine years. A great interest They have given interesting lectures at courses and congresses on breast cancer screening experiences and testing methods. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[Experience in the care of congenitally haemophilic patients in 1994]
[At the invitation of the National Haemophilia Centre, I attended a workshop at OHVII on 8 September. The topic of the meeting was the experience to date with the use of factor preparations for the treatment of hereditary haemophilia. The MHE summer children's camp was also discussed, which the OHK will also participate in next year. From the summaries given by the heads of the centre, the following were of fundamental importance to me.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[Environmental protection of medieval cities]
[Today's environmental movements aim to eliminate environmental damage in cities and ensure human conditions in densely populated settlements. This aspiration is not a recent one. Its traces go back centuries, since as long as man has lived on earth he has polluted his environment, and pollution has repercussions on man. The quality of pollution and the forms of protection have varied from age to age. Ancient records and excavations have often led to amazement, not only among researchers but also among the uninitiated, at the sanitation facilities in major ancient cities such as Rome and Carthage.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[Dürer on human proportions]
[It is a little known fact that the greatest German painter, Albrecht Dürer, was also a literary and theoretical artist. This can be explained in part by the fact that for a long time art history itself showed no particular interest in the master's intellectual and creative activity, and on the other hand, the Dürer monographs published in Hungarian, if they quoted from his literary works at all, almost exclusively highlighted the passage of the "Family Chronicle" that referred to the family's Hungarian origins. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[Hospice model in Lyon]
[In Hungary, special wards for palliative and terminal cancer patients are increasingly being set up. With this short study, based on the experience of Lyon, I would like to provide practical help for the organisation and the daily life of the wards. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
NOVEMBER 30, 1994
[Changes in the medical-ethical and legal understanding of tissue and organ transplantation I.]
[The possibility of tissue and organ transplantation is undoubtedly one of the most important advances in modern medical science. At the same time, they are more intertwined with ethical and legal issues than any other medical intervention and depend crucially on the consent of people outside the patient.]
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