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Hypertension and nephrology - 2016;20(02)
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Hypertension and nephrology
APRIL 10, 2016
Hypertension and nephrology
APRIL 10, 2016
[Blood pressures of adolescents at screening program in Budapest]
[The Aim of the screening program was to investigate the blood pressure and the association with obesity, hypercholesterinaemia and increased body fluid in adolescents. Methods: A screening program was conducted during the period from April 2010 to May 2011.The screenings consisted of: blood pressure, heart rate, body composition determination, cholesterol, blood glucose, weight, height and BMI. Results: 2226 children fullfied all of the outlined criteria. Their range of age was between 14–18 years. The average systolic blood pressure was 126.34±12.55 Hgmm volt. At boys were higher 131.87±13.59 then at girls 117.49±5.69 Hgmm. The average diastolic blood pressure was 71.86±8.74 Hgmm. There were also higher at boys 72.61±9.17 then at girls 66.69±5.04 Hgmm. High systolic blood pressure (95%<) were 307/1326 cases at girls, and 403/876 cases at boys. High diastolic blood pressure were together with high systolic blood pressure, but less frequency. High diastolic blood pressure occurred at 85 girls and at 90 boys. Overweight and obes were 18.994% of girls and 15.26% of boys. The percentage of pathological high blood pressure was most frequent among boys and girls who are in the overweight group. The pathologically high level of body fat percentage appeared to be 12.98% among girls and 5.9% among boys. In elevated BMI groups the frequency of high body fat was 66% among girls and 81% among boys. The mean cholesterol was significantly higher in the overweight and obese group. Conclusions: Rates of hypertension and overweight and obesity are high in school children in Budapest, and increased bodyweight is a significant risk factor for hypertension. The results of the study will help to design preventive programmers.]
Hypertension and nephrology
APRIL 10, 2016
[Plasma ortho-tyrosine/para-tyrosine ratio predicts hyporesponsiveness to erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in dialyzed patients]
[Objectives: Patients suffering from end-stage renal failure (ESRF) are mostly treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). They often show hyporesponsiveness to ESA, which condition is associated with elevated production of free radicals. Phenylalnine (Phe) is converted into para- and ortho-tyrosine (p- and o- Tyr) by hydroxyl free radical. o-Tyr is produced exclusively in this way. However, physiological isomer p-Tyr is formed in significantly higher amounts by phenylalaninehydroxylase, mainly in the kidney. It has been shown that p-Tyr production is decreased in ESRF. As a result, p-Tyr can be replaced by o-Tyr in proteins, e.g. in proteins playing part in signal transduction of erythropoietin. We aimed to study the association of different Tyr isoforms with ESA-responsiveness. Methods: Four groups of volunteers were involved in our cross-sectional study: healthy volunteers (CONTR; n=16), patients on hemodialysis without ESA-treatment (non-ESA-HD; n=8), hemodialyzed patients with ESA-treatment (ESA-HD; n=40) and patients on continuous peritoneal dialysis (CAPD; n=21). Plasma p-, o-Tyr and Phe levels were detected using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-method, with fluorescence detection. ESA-demand was expressed as ESA-dose, ESAdose/ body weight and erythropoietin resistance index1 (ERI1, weekly ESA-dose/body weight/hemoglobin). Multivariate regression models were used to examine predictors of ESA-demand. In these models, most of the known predictors of ESA-hyporesponsiveness were included. Results: Lower p-Tyr levels were found in dialyzed patients compared with control subjects. In contrast, o-Tyr levels and o-Tyr/p-Tyr ratios were higher in dialyzed patients. Regarding dialyzed patients, o-Tyr level and o-Tyr/p-Tyr ratio were higher in ESA-HD than in non-ESA-HD and CAPD groups. Weekly ESA-dose/body weight and ERI1 correlated with o-Tyr/p-Tyr ratio (r=0.441, p=0.001; r=0.434, p=0.001, respectively). Finally, o-Tyr/p-Tyr ratio proved to be an independent predictor of ERI1 (β=0.330, p=0.016). Discussion: Our results suggest that elevation of o-Tyr/p-Tyr ratio could be responsible for ESA-hyporesponsiveness in dialyzed patients.]
Hypertension and nephrology
APRIL 10, 2016
[Initiation of antihipertensive therapy with fix combinations, focusing on perindopril, amlodipine and indapamide]
[Early clinical studies proved that most hypertensive patients (>70%) need drug combinations to reach the target blood pressure. We should combine two or three - sometimes more - drugs from different antihypertensive classes for quicker normalisation of blood pressure and to reduce incidence and severity of hypertensive complications. Several international and Hungarian (MHT 2015) guidelines emphasize the advantages of fix combinations against free combinations. Most frequently used combinations contain ACEi + calcium antagonist, or ACEi + diuretic. From them I will focus on the perindopril + amlodipine or perindopril + indapamide combinations. If we do not reach target blood pressure, triple fix combinations (e.g. perindopril + amlodipine + indapamide) can also be used. Now there are fix combinations of different strengths, therefore we may start the therapy with these fix combinations according to patients’ characteristics (e.g. age, complications, concomitant diseases).]
Hypertension and nephrology
APRIL 10, 2016
[Rilmenidin - a versatile combination partner in the treatment of high blood pressure]
[The rilmenidin as an imidazoline agonist drug strongly decreases the central sympathetic activity, release of renine and the RAS activity. Because of these advantageous properties the peripheral vascular resistance falls and the blood pressure is decreased. Today it is excellent tool for combination therapy. Useful especially in stress induced hypertension. The antihypertensive effects of ACE inhibitors sor calcium antagonists are increased by rilmenidine. This drug decreases the insuline resistance, it has a positive effect on the carbohydrate and fat metabolism, because it is useful as a complementary therapy in metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus of type II. It is useful in stress induced hypertension, and in menopause as well.]
Hypertension and nephrology
APRIL 10, 2016
Hypertension and nephrology
APRIL 10, 2016
Hypertension and nephrology
APRIL 10, 2016
Hypertension and nephrology
APRIL 10, 2016
Hypertension and nephrology
APRIL 10, 2016
Hypertension and nephrology
APRIL 10, 2016
Hypertension and nephrology
APRIL 10, 2016
Hypertension and nephrology
APRIL 10, 2016
[Hungarian virus research and NASA – nephrology aspects]
[After the occurrence of varicella viruses remain in a latent condition in the ganglions, but could be reactivated from here causing the disease of herpes zoster. In the years of 1960, we described a herpes zoster „house epidemic” where only the steroid treated patients were infected. Varicella zoster virus was identified by virological methods. Also in a steroid treated patient fatal meningoencephalitis was caused by the generalized herpes zoster. The VZ infection was obviously potentiated by the steroid. Our publications about the interaction between the VZ virus and steroid treatment was echoed – among others – by an editorial of four leading medical journals. Investigators of a NASA medical group also cited our articles. They found during and after spaceflight that in the astronauts symptomless reactivation of the VZ virus, EBV and CMV occurred which was contributed to the stress induced hypercortisolemia. Today we see more worries in the prognosis and outlook in certain cases of the herpes zoster than before. One reason of that is the high number of newly recognized complications. Recently also several new pathway of pathomechanisms has been explored, which led to serious risks. In addition, it turned out that in certain disorders as the artheritis temporalis, where today antivirus antibiotic is the first choice drug, instead of steroid administered alone in the past, inducing further progression in the basic disease and sometimes fatal complications when given too long. Nephrological patients are at special risk in the presence of chronic renal disease, high age and associated diabetes mellitus. The risk may even increase after an otherwise successful renal transplantation in response to the administration of steroids and other compounds. Fortunately in the meantime a vaccine was developed against the VZ virus, studied in large populations and found to be very effective. It probably will be a benediction to the old people with chronic renal disease, after transplantation as well as in others suffering from high risk diseases.]
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