[Article Report]
APOR Péter
APRIL 10, 2016
Hypertension and nephrology - 2016;20(02)
APOR Péter
APRIL 10, 2016
Hypertension and nephrology - 2016;20(02)
Hypertension and nephrology
Hypertension and nephrology
[The Aim of the screening program was to investigate the blood pressure and the association with obesity, hypercholesterinaemia and increased body fluid in adolescents. Methods: A screening program was conducted during the period from April 2010 to May 2011.The screenings consisted of: blood pressure, heart rate, body composition determination, cholesterol, blood glucose, weight, height and BMI. Results: 2226 children fullfied all of the outlined criteria. Their range of age was between 14–18 years. The average systolic blood pressure was 126.34±12.55 Hgmm volt. At boys were higher 131.87±13.59 then at girls 117.49±5.69 Hgmm. The average diastolic blood pressure was 71.86±8.74 Hgmm. There were also higher at boys 72.61±9.17 then at girls 66.69±5.04 Hgmm. High systolic blood pressure (95%<) were 307/1326 cases at girls, and 403/876 cases at boys. High diastolic blood pressure were together with high systolic blood pressure, but less frequency. High diastolic blood pressure occurred at 85 girls and at 90 boys. Overweight and obes were 18.994% of girls and 15.26% of boys. The percentage of pathological high blood pressure was most frequent among boys and girls who are in the overweight group. The pathologically high level of body fat percentage appeared to be 12.98% among girls and 5.9% among boys. In elevated BMI groups the frequency of high body fat was 66% among girls and 81% among boys. The mean cholesterol was significantly higher in the overweight and obese group. Conclusions: Rates of hypertension and overweight and obesity are high in school children in Budapest, and increased bodyweight is a significant risk factor for hypertension. The results of the study will help to design preventive programmers.]
Hypertension and nephrology
[Objectives: Patients suffering from end-stage renal failure (ESRF) are mostly treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). They often show hyporesponsiveness to ESA, which condition is associated with elevated production of free radicals. Phenylalnine (Phe) is converted into para- and ortho-tyrosine (p- and o- Tyr) by hydroxyl free radical. o-Tyr is produced exclusively in this way. However, physiological isomer p-Tyr is formed in significantly higher amounts by phenylalaninehydroxylase, mainly in the kidney. It has been shown that p-Tyr production is decreased in ESRF. As a result, p-Tyr can be replaced by o-Tyr in proteins, e.g. in proteins playing part in signal transduction of erythropoietin. We aimed to study the association of different Tyr isoforms with ESA-responsiveness. Methods: Four groups of volunteers were involved in our cross-sectional study: healthy volunteers (CONTR; n=16), patients on hemodialysis without ESA-treatment (non-ESA-HD; n=8), hemodialyzed patients with ESA-treatment (ESA-HD; n=40) and patients on continuous peritoneal dialysis (CAPD; n=21). Plasma p-, o-Tyr and Phe levels were detected using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-method, with fluorescence detection. ESA-demand was expressed as ESA-dose, ESAdose/ body weight and erythropoietin resistance index1 (ERI1, weekly ESA-dose/body weight/hemoglobin). Multivariate regression models were used to examine predictors of ESA-demand. In these models, most of the known predictors of ESA-hyporesponsiveness were included. Results: Lower p-Tyr levels were found in dialyzed patients compared with control subjects. In contrast, o-Tyr levels and o-Tyr/p-Tyr ratios were higher in dialyzed patients. Regarding dialyzed patients, o-Tyr level and o-Tyr/p-Tyr ratio were higher in ESA-HD than in non-ESA-HD and CAPD groups. Weekly ESA-dose/body weight and ERI1 correlated with o-Tyr/p-Tyr ratio (r=0.441, p=0.001; r=0.434, p=0.001, respectively). Finally, o-Tyr/p-Tyr ratio proved to be an independent predictor of ERI1 (β=0.330, p=0.016). Discussion: Our results suggest that elevation of o-Tyr/p-Tyr ratio could be responsible for ESA-hyporesponsiveness in dialyzed patients.]
Hypertension and nephrology
[Early clinical studies proved that most hypertensive patients (>70%) need drug combinations to reach the target blood pressure. We should combine two or three - sometimes more - drugs from different antihypertensive classes for quicker normalisation of blood pressure and to reduce incidence and severity of hypertensive complications. Several international and Hungarian (MHT 2015) guidelines emphasize the advantages of fix combinations against free combinations. Most frequently used combinations contain ACEi + calcium antagonist, or ACEi + diuretic. From them I will focus on the perindopril + amlodipine or perindopril + indapamide combinations. If we do not reach target blood pressure, triple fix combinations (e.g. perindopril + amlodipine + indapamide) can also be used. Now there are fix combinations of different strengths, therefore we may start the therapy with these fix combinations according to patients’ characteristics (e.g. age, complications, concomitant diseases).]
Hypertension and nephrology
[The rilmenidin as an imidazoline agonist drug strongly decreases the central sympathetic activity, release of renine and the RAS activity. Because of these advantageous properties the peripheral vascular resistance falls and the blood pressure is decreased. Today it is excellent tool for combination therapy. Useful especially in stress induced hypertension. The antihypertensive effects of ACE inhibitors sor calcium antagonists are increased by rilmenidine. This drug decreases the insuline resistance, it has a positive effect on the carbohydrate and fat metabolism, because it is useful as a complementary therapy in metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus of type II. It is useful in stress induced hypertension, and in menopause as well.]
Although vertigo is one of the most common complaints, intracranial malignant tumors rarely cause sudden asymmetry between the tone of the vestibular peripheries masquerading as a peripheral-like disorder. Here we report a case of simultaneous temporal bone infiltrating macro-metastasis and disseminated multi-organ micro-metastases presenting as acute unilateral vestibular syndrome, due to the reawakening of a primary gastric signet ring cell carcinoma. Purpose – Our objective was to identify those pathophysiological steps that may explain the complex process of tumor reawakening, dissemination. The possible causes of vestibular asymmetry were also traced. A 56-year-old male patient’s interdisciplinary medical data had been retrospectively analyzed. Original clinical and pathological results have been collected and thoroughly reevaluated, then new histological staining and immunohistochemistry methods have been added to the diagnostic pool. During the autopsy the cerebrum and cerebellum was edematous. The apex of the left petrous bone was infiltrated and destructed by a tumor mass of 2x2 cm in size. Histological reexamination of the original gastric resection specimen slides revealed focal submucosal tumorous infiltration with a vascular invasion. By immunohistochemistry mainly single infiltrating tumor cells were observed with Cytokeratin 7 and Vimentin positivity and partial loss of E-cadherin staining. The subsequent histological examination of necropsy tissue specimens confirmed the disseminated, multi-organ microscopic tumorous invasion. Discussion – It has been recently reported that the expression of Vimentin and the loss of E-cadherin is significantly associated with advanced stage, lymph node metastasis, vascular and neural invasion and undifferentiated type with p<0.05 significance. As our patient was middle aged and had no immune-deficiency, the promoting factor of the reawakening of the primary GC malignant disease after a 9-year-long period of dormancy remained undiscovered. The organ-specific tropism explained by the “seed and soil” theory was unexpected, due to rare occurrence of gastric cancer to metastasize in the meninges given that only a minority of these cells would be capable of crossing the blood brain barrier. Patients with past malignancies and new onset of neurological symptoms should alert the physician to central nervous system involvement, and the appropriate, targeted diagnostic and therapeutic work-up should be established immediately. Targeted staining with specific antibodies is recommended. Recent studies on cell lines indicate that metformin strongly inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer cells. Therefore, further studies need to be performed on cases positive for epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Clinical Neuroscience
After carpal tunnel surgery, some patients report complaints such as edema, pain, and numbness. Purpose – The aim of this study was to evaluate autonomic nervous system function in patients with a history of carpal tunnel surgery using sympathetic skin response (SSR). Thirty three patients (55 ±10 years old) with a history of unilateral operation for carpal tunnel syndrome were included in the study. The SSR test was performed for both hands. Both upper extremities median and ulnar nerve conduction results were recorded. A reduced amplitude (p=0.006) and delayed latency (p<0.0001) were detected in the SSR test on the operated side compared to contralateral side. There was no correlation between SSR and carpal tunnel syndrome severity. Although complex regional pain syndrome does not develop in patients after carpal tunnel surgery, some of the complaints may be caused by effects on the autonomic nervous system.
Clinical Neuroscience
Intracranial localization of Ewing’s sarcoma is considerably very rare. Herein, we present clinical and neuroimaging findings regarding a 4-year-old boy with intracranial Ewing’s sarcoma. He was born prematurely, suffered intraventricular haemorrhage, posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus developed, and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was inserted in the newborn period. The patient endured regular follow ups, no signs of shunt malfunction nor increased intracranial pressure were observed. The last neuroimaging examination was performed at 8 months of age. Upon reaching the age of 4 years, repeated vomiting and focal seizures began, and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure were detected. A brain MRI depicted a left frontoparietal space-occupying lesion infiltrating the superior sagittal sinus. The patient underwent a craniotomy resulting in the total excision of the tumour. The histological examination of the tissue revealed a small round blue cell tumour. The diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of EWSR1 gene translocation with FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization). No additional metastases were detected during the staging examinations. The patient was treated in accordance to the EuroEwing 99 protocol. Today, ten years onward, the patient is tumour and seizure free and has a reasonably high quality of life.
Clinical Neuroscience
[Family planning is an exceptionally important question in multiple sclerosis, as women of childbearing age are the ones most often affected. Although it is proven that pregnancy does not worsen the long-term prognosis of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, many patients are still doubtful about having children. This question is further complicated by the fact that patients – and often even doctors – are not sufficiently informed about how the ever-increasing number of available disease-modifying treatments affect pregnancies. Breastfeeding is an even less clear topic. Patients usually look to their neurologists first for answers concerning these matters. It falls to the neurologist to rationally evaluate the risks and benefits of contraception, pregnancy, assisted reproduction, childbirth, breastfeeding and disease modifying treatments, to inform patients about these, and then together come to a decision about the best possible therapeutic approach, taking the patients’ individual family plans into consideration. Here we present a review of relevant literature adhering to international guidelines on the topics of conception, pregnancy and breastfeeding, with a special focus on the applicability of approved disease modifying treatments during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The goal of this article is to provide clinicians involved in the care of MS patients with up-to-date information that they can utilize in their day-to-day clinical practice. ]
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Clinical Neuroscience
Alexithymia is associated with cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease3.
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Clinical Neuroscience
Electrophysiological investigation for autonomic dysfunction in patients with myasthenia gravis: A prospective study2.
Clinical Neuroscience
Evaluation of the effectiveness of transforaminal epidural steroid injection in far lateral lumbar disc herniations3.
Clinical Neuroscience
[The role of anaerobic bacteria in brain abscesses: a literature review]4.
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Journal of Nursing Theory and Practice
[Examination of the Strength of Core- and Perineal Muscles in Case of Different Movements]
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