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Lege Artis Medicinae - 2010;20(10)
Content
Lege Artis Medicinae
OCTOBER 20, 2010
Lege Artis Medicinae
OCTOBER 20, 2010
[Connection between fetal development and adult diseases - Long acting effects of stress affecting the mother and the fetus]
[The stress responses affecting the mother and the fetus have a life-long consequence in the manifestation of adult metabolic disorders. The perinatal stress inducing fetal adaptation contributes to alterations in tissue structures and hormone regulations as well as could lead to intrauterine growth retardation. The newborns with low birth weight are associated with the glucocorticoid, adrenaline and insulin resistance making them postnatal susceptible to obesity, diabetes type 2 and hypertonia. The number of newborns with low birth weight increase, therefore the prevention of adult diseases originating from perinatal misprogramming represents a frequent challenge for health services and society.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
OCTOBER 20, 2010
Lege Artis Medicinae
OCTOBER 20, 2010
[Carvedilol and its antioxidant effect]
[Carvedilol, the typical basic variant of the third generation beta blocker drugs is a complex adrenergic blocker that also has Ca channel blocking effects. It has no effect of the metabolism and has a pregnant antioxidant effect that is significant for cardiac and hypertension target organ protection. Its beneficial effect on cardiac decompensation, on target organ protection in patients with hypertension and on primary and secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease is proven by clinical studies. The effect of free radicals trapping - not shown by the majority of beta blockers - plays a major role in these beneficial effects. Inflammatory factors and free radicals (ROS) play a central role in cardiovascular diseases and can be regarded as prognostic markers of vascular damage. Elevated levels of glucose, lipids, or elevated intraluminal pressure triggers the production of various free radicals. The anti-inflammatory effect of carvedilol results out of its antioxidant (scavenger) and ROS suppressive effects. Besides its complex adrenergic blocking effect, this ability of carvedilol gives a molecular explanation for its efficiency proven by clinical trials.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
OCTOBER 20, 2010
[A new DPP-IV inhibitor: saxagliptin]
[Saxagliptin is a selective, potent inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). By inhibiting DPP-IV, saxagliptin reduces the degradation of endogenous incretin hormones, resulting in increased glucose-dependent insulin and decreased glucagon secretion from the pancreas islets. Clinical trials of saxagliptin as monotherapy and as combination therapy with other oral antidiabetic medications including metformin, glibenclamide, glipizide, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone have demonstrated clinical benefits in different glycaemic endpoints. Due to its glucose- dependent mechanism of action, saxagliptin as monotherapy or in combination with metformin results in a very low risk for hypoglycemia. It has also been shown to be generally well-tolerated, with not having any relevant effect on weight. The authors summarize the most important saxagliptin trials.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
OCTOBER 20, 2010
Lege Artis Medicinae
OCTOBER 20, 2010
[Concomitant occurrence of multiple myeloma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]
[We report a case of a 50-year-old male patient, in whom the coexistence of multiple myeloma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma was confirmed. In December 2007, the patient was admitted to the department of internal medicine with fatigue resulting from mild anemia. A tumor of the left testis was discovered, and after semicastration diffuse large B cell lymphoma was diagnosed by histopathological analysis (clinical stage: II/EB). Examination of the bone marrow revealed a plasmocytic infiltrate of 60%, while 36.1 g/l IgG-kappa paraprotein was found in the peripheric blood, fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of multiple myeloma (Durie-Salmon stage: I). The patient received six cycles of rituximab- CHOP-21 chemotherapy for diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Following a transient improvement, the multiple myeloma showed progression, therefore we switched to VTD protocol (bortezomib, thalidomid, dexamethason). The patient underwent high dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Both hematologic diseases showed complete remission. Both tumour samples were tested for immunoglobulin heavy-chain rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequence analysis, according to which the possibility for clonal relationship between multiple myeloma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma could not be confirmed.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
OCTOBER 20, 2010
[Postmenopausal changes of immune system-related genes expression in human bone tissue]
[INTRODUCTION - The molecular and cellular interactions between the immune system and bone tissue have been established. Sex hormone deficiency at the time of menopause has multifunctional role by influencing growth, differentiation and metabolism of the skeletal and the immune system. We have used non-parametric and multidimensional expression pattern analyses to determine significantly changed mRNA profile of immune system-associated genes in postmenopausal (POST) and premenopausal (PRE) non-osteoporotic bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS - Ten bone tissue samples from POST patients and six bone tissue samples from PRE women were examined in our study. The transcription differences of selected 50 genes were analyzed in Taqman probe-based quantitative real-time RT-PCR system. RESULTS - Mann-Whitney test indicated significantly down-regulated transcription activity of 3 genes (CD14, HLA-A, ITGAM/CD11b) and upregulated gene expression of 6 genes (C3, CD86, IL-10, IL-6, TGFB3, TNFSF11/RANKL) in POST bone. According to the canonical variates analysis results, the groups of postmenopausal and premenopausal women are separable by genes coding for cytokines, co-stimulators and cell surface receptors affected in antigen presentation and T cell stimulation which have high discriminatory power. CONCLUSIONS - Based on a complex gene expression patterns in human bone cells, we could distinguish POST and PRE states from an immunological aspect. Our data might provide further insight into the changes of the intersystem crosstalk between immune and skeletal system, as well as local immune response in the altered microenvironment of POST bone.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
OCTOBER 20, 2010
Lege Artis Medicinae
OCTOBER 20, 2010
[Pancreatic carcinoma mimicking primary retroperitoneal fibrosis]
[INTRODUCTION - One of the defining feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the presence of extensive desmoplasia. The volume of stroma production can be disproportionate relative to mass of the tumor. Primary retroperitoneal fibrosis (PRF) is characterized by progressive accumulation and spread of connective tissue in the retroperitoneal space often leading to entrapment of ureters and/or the distal part of the duodenum. The large amount of stroma can mimic the radiologic features of PRF. We present a case when the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was delayed because of the tumor showed retroperitoneal spread and imaging studies were distinctive for PRF. CASE REPORT - The past medical history of the 77 year old patient was significant for chronic renal failure of postrenal origin diagnosed one year before. The abdominal CT-scan performed six month ago was unremarkable except for focal stricture and upstream dilation of both ureters. After a relatively uneventful course during the past six months, the patient presented with abdominal distension and vomiting of five days period. Abdominal CT-scan revealed an extensive infiltration of the retroperitoneal space by a tissue with radiologic features characteristic for PRF. The fibrotic tissue involved the prerenal fascia, both ureters, and the third part of the duodenum. Duodenoscopy disclosed complete duodenal obstruction caused by an external compression at the level of ligament of Treitz. At surgery, a hard, fibrous tissue extending form the hepatic hilum down to the pelvis have been seen. The infiltrating tissue also entrapped the distal duodenum leading to its obstruction. Histologic evaluation of specimens taken at surgery showed features of fibroplastic PDA. CONCLUSION - PDA may present as an extensive retroperitoneal fibrosing process without detectable intrapancreatic tumor on radiologic studies. Obsructive signs of any retroperitoneal organ (ie. ureters, duodenum) should raise the possibility of retroperitoneally expanding PDA.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
OCTOBER 20, 2010
Lege Artis Medicinae
OCTOBER 20, 2010
[Why are the screening facilities in Hungary unexploited?]
[In Hungary, as a component of the National Public Health Programme, the “supply side” of the organised mass screening for early detection of some cancers has been established which would be capable of carrying out - in time periods set by the state-of-the-art - the regular screening of the population eligible by age. Unfortunately, the stated objectives of the programme have not fulfiled because the “demand side”, that is the compliance of the target population with the offered screening has remained far below the expectations. As a consequence, both the effectiveness and economic viability of the programme are damaged. The paper is to single out the possible causes: crudeness of concept of “organised screening”, the limited accessibility of sevices, anomalies of hralth care system, and, above all, some psychological side-effects of screening process.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
OCTOBER 20, 2010
Lege Artis Medicinae
OCTOBER 20, 2010
Lege Artis Medicinae
OCTOBER 20, 2010
Lege Artis Medicinae
OCTOBER 20, 2010
Lege Artis Medicinae
OCTOBER 20, 2010
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Clinical Neuroscience
Alexithymia is associated with cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease
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