[On 31 August 2021, the European Society of Cardiology published its guideline “Prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice”. This guideline provides a comprehensive review about risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, their assessment, potential modifiers, treatment and prevention of the cardiovascular disease itself at societal and individual levels respectively. The previous guideline issued 2016, had to be updated due to the recent significant advances in risk prediction of cardiovascular disease on atherosclerotic background and due to the beneficial effects of treatment, emerging new drugs and therapeutic targets. The risk assessment system has undergone a major overhaul and now predicts the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events together over a 10-year horizon and over a lifetime. In the new guideline, age plays a more important role in risk classification than before. The risk assessment and staged management of apparently healthy people or patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and other specific diseases or conditions are detailed. The positive impact of influencing risk factors, the years of life gained can recently be presented in a lifetime perspective, which will help to make an individually tailored decision on the extent of interventions, taking into account also the patient'’s preferences.]

[On 31 August 2021, the European Society of Cardiology published its guideline “Prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice”. This guideline provides a comprehensive review about risk factors of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, their assessment, potential modifiers, treatment and prevention of the cardiovascular dis­ease itself at societal and individual levels respectively. The previous guideline issued 2016, had to be updated due to the recent significant advances in risk prediction of cardiovascular disease on atherosclerotic background and due to the beneficial effects of treatment, emerging new drugs and therapeutic targets. The risk assessment system has undergone a major overhaul and now predicts the risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events together over a 10-year horizon and over a lifetime. In the new guideline, age plays a more important role in risk classification than before. The risk assessment and staged management of apparently healthy people or patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and other specific diseases or conditions are detailed. The positive impact of influencing risk factors, the years of life gained can recently be presented in a lifetime perspective, which will help to make an individually tailored decision on the extent of interventions, while taking into account also the patient’s preferences.]

[In the background of resistant hypertension (RHT) the neurovascular pulsatile compression (NVPC) of the left rostral ventrolateral medulla may play a role. In these cases a microvascular decompression (MVD) may decrease the blood pressure (BP). The aim of this work was to investigate how the BP has changed after the MVD in the operated patients recorded at the farthest time from the MVD up to maximum 31 December 2016. We have retrospectively collected data from 9 patients whose follow-up data fór 2 years has already been published earlier. Data collection was carried out from the patient register program of the University of Szeged Albert-Szent Györgyi Clinical Centre. The MVDs were performed between 2000 and 2004. The mean follow-up time was 11.1±4.6 years. Both the systolic and the diastolic BPs were significantly lower at the time of last record compared to the BPs at the time of MVD (systolic BP 211±40 vs. 135±20 mmHg, p=0.003; diastolic BP 116±17 vs. 81±14 mmHg, p=0.007). Last recorded BPs compared to the 24-month data alsó were lower bút nőt signffi- cantly (systolic BP 148±32 vs. 135±20 mmHg, p=0.25; diastolic BP 96 vs. 85 mmHg, p=0.11). The mean number of antihypertensives at the last Office visít was nőt sig- nificantly higher compared to MVD (5.9±1.4 vs. 6.3±1.5; p=0.5) bút signfficantly increased compared to MVD +1 month data (4.7±0.9vs. 6.3±1.5; p=0.03). These results confirmed our previous opinion that in severe RHT nőt respond- ing to conventional therapy an MVD of the left side NVPC could be a therapeutic option and may guarantee a long-lasting BP reduction. Evén if the number of antihypertensives increased in the meantime, as they still responded better to therapy. ]

[Hemodialysis patients usually need large number of medications fór treatment of their multiple comorbidities. Because of the polypharmacy we have to count on several drug-drug interactions, which might necessitate modification of types and dosages of drugs, based on the patient's actual condition and current treatment. The use of anticoagulants causes everyday problems, because these drugs have high pharmacokinetics potency, and on the other hand their administration is indispensable. In our investigation we aimed to analyze the drug therapy of chronic hemodialysis patients in the Szent Margit Hospital Taraba István Dialysis Unit, and present the clinical pharmacist's role in the hospital team.]

[Objective - In our case report we present the treatment of a female patient suffering from therapy resistant depression. This procedure is not in practice in Hungary at present, the aim of our work to reproduce the findigs of international studies in domestic circumstances. Matter - Major depression is a common, chronic and severe mental disorder, with 16.2% lifetime prevalence. Many international randomized, placebo controlled trials found administration of ketamine infusion effective in depressed patients. Methods - Since ketamine is an anesthetic agent, its administration was performed in the post-operative monitoring room of our hospital operating-room, supervised by an anesthesiologist. According to formerly published data, a dose of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight was administered intravenously in 40 minutes by perfusor. The drug was administered in a same manner fifteen days later. Subject - The patient was admitted to our inpatient ward with severe depression. During two months of combined antidepressant therapy her condition has not improved significantly. Approval for off label drug indication was granted with urgency by the National Institute of Quality and Organizational Development in Healthcare and Medicines. Results - During the two treatments the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 21 items rating scale score was reduced to 8 from the baseline 28, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score was reduced to 6 from 25, Beck Depression Inventory was reduced to 9 from 20. Upon administration of the drug no severe adverse event was detected, the mild dissociative state related to ketamine was ceased in a short period of time. Discussion - With administration of 0.5 mg/kg ketamine the authors managed to achieve rapid improvement in a therapy resistant depressed patient, without permanent side effects. Our future plan is to repeat the use of the drug within a double-blind, placebo controlled trial in order to prove its efficacy in hospital settings. ]