[In the first part of this review the definition of vertigo/dizziness was discussed. The major difference between the two signs is the exsistence of the direction, which is specific for vertigo. Dizziness is a frequent complaint in the clinical practice. Its frequency is increasing with advance of age, to intimate the play of declining cognitive process in the pathogenesis of its. The popular health significance of vertigo is in the rowing number of the patients. The onset of the most cases with acute vertigo appears between secundums and minutes so the patients will be provided in circumstances of emergency department. First of all three form schould be take into account: neuronitis vestibularis, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and Meniere syndrome. Without tipical periferal signs of vertigo, central cause should be searched, principally stroke (lysis possibility). The differential diagnose of the different dizzeness/vertigo forms according to the elapsed time of the onset or congenital and acquired nystagmus was created in tables. The recommendations of the therapy of acute and chronic dizziness/ vertigo syndroms are, lack of results of evidence based trials doubtful. The more often used drugs based on clinical trials are discussed as vinpocetine, betahistine and piracetam. The in vitro and in vivo data suggest that the last molecule is eligible to use both in periferal and central type of vertigo syndroms.]

[The care of the mechanically ventillated patient is a complex nursing duty what requires comprehensive knowledges from the professionals. The appearance of the nosocomial conditions, costs of the care and days of the care can be decreased by the proper evidence based nursing practice. Many research papers and guidelines were developed at the international literature regarding the mechanically ventillated patients but the well-founded books or studies are missing in Hungary. With this paper the aim is to emphasize the importance of the evidence based nursing practice part of the critically ill patients what is necesary for the eligible care and should be a part of a well-trained health care professional’s knowledge. ]

[The clinical importance of atrial fibrillation - the most frequent arrhythmia - is derived from the fact that it means a 5-fold risk of stroke/systemic embolism which contributes to the increased cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. Long-term oral anticoagulant therapy is a cornerstone of stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. Until recently Vitamin-K antagonists were the only available therapeutic option but its everyday use has several limitations, eg. bleeding risk, narrow therapeutic range, drug and food interactions and the need of monthly INR-control. The advent of NOAC-s may prevent a lot of difficulties regarding VKA-treatment and lead to as efficacious as and safer therapy than VKAs. These benefits can help better adherence of patients to the anticoagulant therapy which is one of the most important element of more effective stroke prevention. NOACs can be used more safely both in real life and in special patient populations (eg. elderly, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney injury) than VKAs so they can contribute to effective cardiovascular risk reduction.]

[Experimental data on the role of the microbiome in the onset and progression of infl ammatory diseases and cancer have been accumulated for years. An important milestone in this respect was the discovery that APC mutant mice in sterile conditions do not develop colon cancer of the FAP type. The direct role of the Enterobacteriaceae and Fusobacteriaceae bacterial families were also shown in the pathomechanism of the same experimental model. The toxic effect of chemotherapy on the gut fl ora has been well documented, but it may very well be that this putative side effect is part of the effi cacy, primarily in the case of adjuvant chemotherapy. The fi rst reproducible methods of microbiome molecular diagnostics are already available today. In addition to standard large clinical studies, we can increasingly rely on evidence of molecular pathomechanism and „real-world” clinical experience in the clinical interpretation of the microbiome. The overview summarizes the results of the fi eld research and its translation possibilities in terms of routine clinical practice.]

[BACKGROUND - The anatomy and pathology are the most outstanding field of the medical curriculum. These subjects mean the first practical experiences of dissection. The international literatures results shows that experience of dissection are important stages of becoming physician, but not always problemless. METHODS - Quantative (n=733) and qualitative (n=45) exploratory research among Hungarian medical students. We tried to present the effects and experiences of dissection pratcise using both analytical methods. Validity of the research was greatly improved by using the two methods. RESULTS - 50% of medical students reported that they were affected by dissection practice. The female students and those in clinical training (III-VI.years) reported about negative effects significantly more frequently. The results of the qualitative survey verified that dissection practices have decisive effect during the training and coping with experiences was often difficult especially for females students. CONCLUSIONS - Our research confirmed the hypothesis of dissection experiences play outstanding role in becoming physician. The successful coping isn’t the repression or ignorance of emotion, but understanding and finding effective solutions strategies for the negative emotions of experiences. Managing these experiences are a crucial factor of latter wellbeing of physicians and decisive factor of doctors-patient relationship.]