[Aim of the research: The aim of the study is to analyze the trends of student orientation in the age and compulsory education process by age group. In our research, we would like to answer the question of how much „popularity” the health care profession as a professional area among students participating in Hungarian public education. If you feel this area of expertise close to you, what kind of vision you have. Research and sampling methods: A self-constructed questionnaire was administered during 24 Oct 2017 - 13 Jan 2018. In all counties of Hungary, the authors sent it to at least one of the training sites and filled up with me (N=329). These training sites are involved in healthcare training. Data were analysed with SPSS 15.0 for Windows statistical program. Chi square, Mann-Whitney tests were applied (p <0,05). Results: Out of the 159 people (48%), 170 (52%) in the family have healthcare workers. When performing the controls of the distributions, we can conclude that there is no significant difference in the distribution between the two groups, so there is the same number - that is, statistically significant difference - of the proportion of those willing to choose the health care path. In terms of career choice, 276 (86%) of respondents believe it is likely to be oriented towards the health care path, with 46 people (14%) planning their life is in another direction. Seven of its principal did not answer the question. By completing the Mann-Whitney test, we can conclude that there is no significant difference between the two groups in the medians, so there is no difference - that is, statistically significant difference - with respect to career choice as a nursing profession’s esteem. Of the 329 participants, 215 (65%) replied that they would like to work as a nurse, while 114 (35%) responded that they would not choose this job. Conclusion: Don’t influence significantly the career entrant if there is a healthcare worker in the family. Who stand in front of career choice don’t influence significantly the appreciation but is more motivated by sympathy and helplessness toward another person.]

[Aim of the research: Functional independence determines the elderly’s health and quality of life. In them cross-sectional study the authors analysed the associations between functional abilities (balance, gait, functional mobility, cognitive abilities), age, BMI and comorbidities and independency in older adults with cognitive impairment. Research and sampling methods: 110 elderly people were measured. Self-sufficiency was measured by the Katz-index, balance, and gait by the Tinetti Test and functional mobility by the Timed Up and Go Test. Correlations between variables were analysed with the Spearman’s rank-order correlation. Results: There was strong association between balance (r=0,557), gait (r=0,515), functional mobility (r=-0,647), and independency. It means the better the balance, gait, and functional mobility is, the higher the independency is. There was weak association between age, BMI, cognitive abilities, comorbidities and independency. Conclusion: Results show that preserving of the functional independence in older adults with cognitive impairment is a multidisciplinary task: physiotherapists and nurses should work together to complete doctors’ curative work of chronic diseases.]

[Using an uncustomary approach to nursing history, authors review the intensive development process in the 1990s that resulted in the transition of nursing from an occupation to profession in Hungary. An occupa­tion attains professional status if its practitio­ners have access to education and training of a considerable duration, it has independent professional organisation, an ethical code of its own and is regulated by law. The article addresses these factors discussing at length the history and development of nurs­ing education and training in Hungary, subsequently it describes the process arching from practical nursing to the appearance of nursing science, an intrinsic part of which was the birth of a scientific nursing journal “Nővér”. The relevant and effective legislation on nursing and nursing practice is re­viewed comprehensively and the efforts to establish professional nursing organisations are described. It is maintained that framework conditions had to be established as a necessary precondition for nursing to professionalise itself on its own and become a vocation highly regarded by society. ]

[Aim of the research: To assess the blood donation-related knowledge of paramedical professionals working in the fields of nursing and care-giving, emergency care, surgical care and obstetric care in Hungary. Sample and method: The anonymous, self-completion questionnaire used in the survey was based on the „Eurobarometer 41.0 (1995): Europeans and Blood” survey, which the authors supplemented with their own questions. The authors conducted a web-based survey. The survey took place between 15 July and 15 September 2012, among paramedical professionals in four different professional groups, using a convenience sampling method. The authors analysed the collected data with IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software and the Kingsoft Office Spreadsheet (2012) program, using a descriptive statistical method and chi square test. Results: The survey took place with the participation of 312 paramedical professionals. Based on the results of the survey it was established that all the professional groups displayed gaps in their knowledge regarding blood donation. 86.19% of respondents have a correct understanding of blood donation. No significant differences can be observed between the levels of knowledge in the individual professional groups. Conclusions: The results display some significant and some non-significant correlations, as well as stochastic relationships relating to the distribution within the submanifolds. In the interest of eliminating the gaps in knowledge that were revealed in respect of the individual issues, the authors highlight the need for further training of paramedical professionals regarding blood donation.]

[The treatment of osteoporosis and its consequences place a significant burden on the health care of developed countries. Modern therapeutical approaches are able to efficiently decrease the risk of osteoporotic bone fractures. However, we do not know whether the interventions introduced in the past 15 years have significantly reduced the number of osteoporotic fractures in real life, and if they have, how cost-effective this effect was. To answer these questions, we have analysed data of the Hungarian National Insurance Company collected between 2004-2010. During these 7 years, the number of bone fractures among patients treated for osteoporosis continuously decreased. This was also observed in the incidence of hip fractures. Interestingly, the mortality of osteoporotic patients was significantly lower than that of the same age group in the average population. Besides the efficient treatment of osteoporosis, this finding is also due to the outstanding general care provided by the specialised osteoporosis centers of the country. As a consequence of the reduction in fractures, 3.4 billion HUF was saved per year by the insurance company, which is approximately equal to the 3.5 billion HUF spent on the reimbursement of medicines used for the treatment of osteoporosis, which means that the investments show a return. The calculation of the quality- adjusted life years, which is the internationally accepted method of the WHO for the study of cost-effectiveness, shows that the above results were achieved in a remarkably cost-efficient way. At the same time, it is noteworthy and calls for caution that the decrease in reimbursement by the insurance company in 2007 resulted in a 51% drop in the number of patients receiving treatment, which radically reduced the observed efficiency.]