Clinical Oncology - 2016;3(03)

Clinical Oncology

SEPTEMBER 15, 2016

[Foreword]

A szerkesztők

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HUN 2016;3(03)

Clinical Oncology

SEPTEMBER 15, 2016

[News from the World]

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HUN 2016;3(03)

Clinical Oncology

SEPTEMBER 15, 2016

[Therapy of endometrial cancer - an update]

SIPOS Norbert

[Endometrial cancer is the most frequent gynecologic malignancy in developed countries. Recently, there is a signifi cant increase of incidence caused by epidemic obesity. While the etiology of endometrial cancer can be heterogeneous, the effective therapy should be rather personalized. The primary therapy of endometrial cancer is operative. The recommended surgery is total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Management of pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy is supported by the latest international recommendations, except cases of low-risk tumors (stage I/A, grade 1 or 2, endometrioid type, diameter of tumor <2 cm). Method of adjuvant therapy, especially in developed stages, is still controversial. Efficacy of postoperative irradiation, chemotherapy and chemoirradiation is under investigation by several ongoing studies. Recurrent endometrial cancer has bad prognosis, the best solution in this case is chemotherapy. In recent years targeted therapy (especially antiangiogenetic drugs, mTORinhibitors and hormontherapy) gave us some promising results. Around 80% of endometrial cancers can be diagnosed at early stages and cured with efficacy. Unfortunately, there is a group of tumors with bad prognosis, low differentiation, or recurrency, which can be a real challenge for clinicians. In this review we discuss the latest and most promising studies and scientifi c results in connection with treatment of high-risk endometrial cancers.]

HUN 2016;3(03)

Clinical Oncology

SEPTEMBER 15, 2016

[Obesity and cancer]

VALTINYI Dorottya

[The role of obesity in the development of cancer is well-known from ages. However, these days we witness the explosion-like increase of obesity, globally, but mainly in the economically advanced population, and, which is even more alarming, among youngsters. The prognosis of the obesity-related cancer is rather poor, therefore, the prevention, including the screening, have outstanding importance. Unfortunately, the participation of the obes persons, especially obes women, in these programs is very low. The diagnostics and therapies should consider the special features of obesity, which are related to the magnitude, distribution, composition of fatty tissue connected to the changes in pharmacokinetics. Moreover, the problems might be complicated with obesity-associated non-tumorous severe diseases (e.g. cardiovascular, diabetes type 2).This review covers different aspects of obesity-cancer relationships, with an emphasis on everyday oncology.]

HUN 2016;3(03)

Clinical Oncology

SEPTEMBER 15, 2016

[Novelties in the management of Hodgkin lymphoma]

ILLÉS Árpád, MOLNÁR Zsuzsa, MILTÉNYI Zsófia

[Hodgkin lymphoma is a lymphoproliferativ disease, it is about 12-18% of all lymphomas. It has typical morphologic, clinical and therapeutic features, which can distinguish from other lymphoma types. Due to risk- and PET/CT adapted treatment Hodgkin lymphoma is a curable lymphoma with an 80-90% long-term survival, however, refracter- and relapsed patients’ therapy is a great challange. Cure rate can increase due to the development of the diagnostic and treatment modalities, but the use of standard recommendation is necessary. The aim of this review is to show new WHO 2016 lymphoma classifi cation, role of the new diagnostic options, especially 18FDG-PET/CT, Lugano classifi cation and fi rst-line and salvage therapeutic possibilities and to introduce the immunotherapy, like brentuximab vedotin and PD1 inhibitors. Certain points of hemopoietic stem cell transplantation will be also covered.]

HUN 2016;3(03)

Clinical Oncology

SEPTEMBER 15, 2016

[Intersphincteric resection for low rectal tumors]

METZGER Péter

[The technical development of rectal surgery, together with chemo- and radiotherapy, improved the effi ciency of surgical intervention as well as the patients‘ survival and quality of life. The treatment of ultra deep malignancies - 2-3 cm from linea dentata - is a real challenge for rectal surgery. Before the introduction of laparoscopy the removal of the deep tumors with conventional surgical techniques was impossible to save the tumorous rectum. The new techniques made possible the ultra deep resection, i.e. the removal even those tumors which progressed until the linea dentata. The explosive use of laparoscopy and the new waves of chemo- and radiotherapy resulted signifi cance advance contributed to an interdisciplinary therapeutic approach, which is a well adapted method in deep rectal surgery. In case of ultra deep localization of tumors - 0.5-1.0 cm to linea dentata - the neoadjuvant therapy supported the saving the anal sphicter. This new techniques contributed to the preservation of feces continentia of the patient.]

HUN 2016;3(03)

Clinical Oncology

SEPTEMBER 15, 2016

[Biomarkers - today and tomorrow]

KOPPER László

[Biomarkers (tumor markers in oncology) are able to make exact, objective and reproducible distinction between two groups. Biomarkers can serve different purposes, as to estimate the patient’s survival without treatment (prognostic marker), to select those patients who would respond optimally to treatment (predictive marker), to follow the patient in order to detect of a relapse (monitoring marker), helping identifi cation the tumor-type (diagnostic marker). The main task for a biomarker is to find the best treatment with less toxicity. The main enemy of biomarkers is the heterogeneity of the tumor, the continuous change in its geno- and phenotype, which can explain the low sensitivity and specifi city. More attention should be given to standardization and validity. It is highly possible, that biomarker-panel as well as marker-based clinical trials will be used in the near future.]

HUN 2016;3(03)

Clinical Oncology

SEPTEMBER 15, 2016

[Cancer-treatment induced peripheral neuropathy]

DEMETER Gyula

[Peripheral neuropathy is caused by structural or functional damage of nervous system. The pathophysiology is not well known. Its clinical features are established but there is a need to standardize CIPN assessment, also considering that health care providers and patients frequently have a different perception of CIPN severity. Neurotoxicity caused by traditional chemotherapy is widely recognized in patients with cancer. The adverse effects of newer therapeutics, such as targeting and immunotherapeutic agents, need more information for the proper management. This review addresses the main neurotoxicities of cancer treatments with a focus on the newer therapeutics. Recognition of these patterns of toxicity is important because drug discontinuation or dose adjustment might prevent further neurological injury. Treatment is symptomatic. For prevention or treatment there is need for further basic research outcomes.]

HUN 2016;3(03)

Clinical Oncology

SEPTEMBER 15, 2016

[Actual place and role of communication in Hungarian oncology]

MUSZBEK Katalin, GAAL Ilona

[The move to shared decision model from the patriarchal model of doctor-patient relationship is a communication challenge for doctors and patients as well. Communication is extremely important in Oncology, because the suggestive effect of every action of doctors and nurses is outstanding in this fi eld of healthcare. This burden has to urge professionals to self-improvement. One of the most important success of the Doctor-Patient Relationship program of the Hungarian Hospice Foundation since its launch in 2014 is the statement of two clinical centres on the importance of communication skills in everyday praxis, and engaging themselves in self-improvement. The successful cooperation also depends on patients and their care-givers not just on professionals. To gain all the necessary information is a learning process for them; even as to fi nd out the depth of information and decision level they wish. The patient who is satisfied with his or her own communication in healthcare is less distressed than the one who feels like adrifting. That gives the sense of achievement to professionals as well.]

HUN 2016;3(03)