Peripheral nerve tumor surgery poses multifaceted challenges, requiring a delicate balance between symptom relief and preserving nerve function. Despite progress, hurdles like tumor localization and postoperative care persist. Additionally, the rarity and diversity of these tumors necessitate tailored approaches and teamwork among specialists. Overcoming these obstacles demands a deep understanding of tumor biology and surgical techniques. Looking forward, advancements such as intraoperative monitoring and minimally invasive procedures offer potential for improved outcomes. Research into tumor mechanisms may also lead to targeted therapies. This paper outlines current challenges and future directions in peripheral nerve tumor surgery, highlighting opportunities for innovation and enhanced patient care.