Peripheral nerve surgery has rapidly advanced, offering promising treatments for various neurological disorders and traumatic injuries. However, this progress also brings the potential for complications, emphasizing the importance of understanding their occurrence, prevention, and management. This paper presents a thorough examination of complications related to peripheral nerve surgery, drawing insights from extensive literature review. It explores the frequency, contributing factors, and outcomes associated with these complications, shedding light on their complexity and impact on patient care. Furthermore, the paper showcases a series of illustrative cases drawn from clinical practice. These cases exemplify the diverse range of complications encountered, ranging from surgical site infections to nerve injury exacerbation. By presenting real-world scenarios, the paper underscores the need for vigilance, precise surgical techniques, and meticulous postoperative care to mitigate complications and improve patient outcomes in peripheral nerve surgery. The importance of interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial for comprehensive patient management. Effective communication and coordination among these specialties are essential for identifying risk factors, implementing preventive measures, and managing complications promptly.