Introduction - Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a frequent problem among young adults. Hopefully, regeneration can occur in PNI unlike central nervous system. If nerve cut is complete, gold standard treatment is surgery, but incomplete cuts have been tried to be treated by medicines. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare clinical and histopathological outcomes of independent treatment of each of Vitamin B12 (B12) and Vitamin D3 (D3) and their combination on sciatic nerve injury in an experimental rat model. Materials and methods - Experimental animal study was performed after the approval of BEH Ethics Committee No. 2015/10. 32 rats were grouped into four (n=8) according to treatment procedures, such as Group 1 (controls with no treatment), Group 2 (intraperitoneal 1 mg/kg/day B12), Group 3 (oral 3500 IU/kg/week D3), Group 4 (intraperitoneal 1 mg/kg/day B12+ oral 3500 IU/kg/week D3). Sciatic Functional Index (SFI) and histopathological analysis were performed. Results - SFIs of Group 2, 3, 4 were statistically significantly higher than controls. Group 2 and 3 were statistically not different, however Group 4 was statistically significantly higher than others according to SFI. Axonal degeneration (AD) in all treatment groups were statistically significantly lower than in Group 1. AD in Group 4 was significantly lower than in Group 2 and 3; there was no significant difference between Group 2 and 3. There was no significant difference between Group 1,2 and 3 in Axonolysis (A). But A of Group 4 was significantly very much lower than all others. Oedema- inflammation (OE-I) in all treatment groups were significantly lower than in Group 1; there was no significant difference between Group 2 and group 4. OE-I in Group 2 and 4 were significantly lower than in Group 3. There were no significant differences between Group 1, 2 and 3 in damage level scores; score of Group 4 was significantly lower than of Group 1. Conclusions - B12 and D3 were found effective with no statistically significant difference. But combined use of B12 and D3 improve nerve healing synergistically. We recommend combined use of B12 and D3 after PNI as soon as possible.

[Introduction - The primary prevention program of the Hungarian Spine Society is set around 12 test exercises that assess performance of postural muscles and then develops their strength and flexibility. By this the scheme aims to make the biomechanically correct use of the spinal column spontaneous. Subjects and methos - The application of the scheme in the frame of physical education in a primary school was investigated in a prospective controlled study in the school-year of 2001/2002. Participating children were aged 6 to 14. The intervention group (n=200) regularly did the posture correction exercises with their teacher's direction in physical education classes, while the control group (n=213) did not. The 12 test exercises of the posture correction scheme of the Hungarian Spine Society were tested by an independent physiotherapist at the beginning and at the end of the school-year in both groups. Results were analyzed by paired and unpaired t-tests and by a chi-square test. Results - At the end of the school-year the strength and flexibility of the postural muscles of the intervention group improved significantly compared both to their own performance (p<0.01) at the beginning of the school-year and to the control group. Test results of the control group were significantly (p<0.05) worse at the end of the school-year than their own results at beginning of the school-year, and were more significantly (p<0.01) worse than the test results of intervention group. Conclusion - The results of the controlled study confirm that regular use of the preventive exercises in physical education improves the strength and flexibility of postural muscles. In order to analyze the results concerning specific muscle groups or age groups a detailed study with age- and gender-matched controls will be necessary.]

[Modern teaching in the schools of the XXI century is marked by terms of flexibility, innovation and requires the introduction of numerous innovations. Schools are required to modernize the curriculum and education technologies, and to leave the traditional teaching methods. Modern educational systems and teaching methods reflect the relevant didactic assumptions to improve the effectiveness of teaching. Emphasis will be put the changes that are designed to create independent and creative personalities. The attention in education is no longer a person who learn, rather the individual who is critical thinking, this is extremely important in the nursing profession. The nurse is the only profile of health workers trained in health care. They are a standalone members of the health team, in the area of its work with the necessary cooperation with other members of the health team. This paper analyzes the characteristics of modern educational systems and teaching methods to improve nurse education, especially problem-based learning and cooperative work, as an important segment in the nurse education. Analysing the modern educational systems, we expect results which will serve as a guide, how to change traditional „ex cathedra” teaching, to interactive and modern education.]

[INTRODUCTION - By partial embolisation of the vena portae the number of the patients suitable for radical liverresection can be enhanced, the safety of the operation can be increased, the subsequent results improved. The method is based on the experience that when blocking the circulation of the portal system in special segments of the liver, the other part of the organ tries to substitute the functional deficiency by hypertrophy. Vena portae embolisation is justified in cases when the liver substance remaining after the planned operation is critically small. PATIENTS AND METHODS - The authors carried out vena portae embolisation at Debrecen University Medical and Health Science Centre since October 2003 on six patients. Assessments were made studying the volume of the whole liver, the lobe affected by embolisation and that of the unaffected lobe, by CT-volumetry. The average age of the patients (four men and two women) was 63 years (51-67 years). The hepatic tumour was an extended metastasis localised to one lobe in five cases, and HCC in one of the patients. In each case we carried out closing the right lobe’s portal system. RESULTS - In five cases the left lobe showed increase following the portal embolisation of the right lobe intended to be removed. On the average four-six weeks passed between the two CT-examinations. The growth of the left lobe was an average of 42% (min. 11.8%, max. 75.6%). CONCLUSION - In selected patients the embolisation of the vena portae system of the tumorous liver-segments is a suitable method for enlargening the size of the liver substance remaining after an extensive resection.]