Introduction - Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a frequent problem among young adults. Hopefully, regeneration can occur in PNI unlike central nervous system. If nerve cut is complete, gold standard treatment is surgery, but incomplete cuts have been tried to be treated by medicines. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare clinical and histopathological outcomes of independent treatment of each of Vitamin B12 (B12) and Vitamin D3 (D3) and their combination on sciatic nerve injury in an experimental rat model. Materials and methods - Experimental animal study was performed after the approval of BEH Ethics Committee No. 2015/10. 32 rats were grouped into four (n=8) according to treatment procedures, such as Group 1 (controls with no treatment), Group 2 (intraperitoneal 1 mg/kg/day B12), Group 3 (oral 3500 IU/kg/week D3), Group 4 (intraperitoneal 1 mg/kg/day B12+ oral 3500 IU/kg/week D3). Sciatic Functional Index (SFI) and histopathological analysis were performed. Results - SFIs of Group 2, 3, 4 were statistically significantly higher than controls. Group 2 and 3 were statistically not different, however Group 4 was statistically significantly higher than others according to SFI. Axonal degeneration (AD) in all treatment groups were statistically significantly lower than in Group 1. AD in Group 4 was significantly lower than in Group 2 and 3; there was no significant difference between Group 2 and 3. There was no significant difference between Group 1,2 and 3 in Axonolysis (A). But A of Group 4 was significantly very much lower than all others. Oedema- inflammation (OE-I) in all treatment groups were significantly lower than in Group 1; there was no significant difference between Group 2 and group 4. OE-I in Group 2 and 4 were significantly lower than in Group 3. There were no significant differences between Group 1, 2 and 3 in damage level scores; score of Group 4 was significantly lower than of Group 1. Conclusions - B12 and D3 were found effective with no statistically significant difference. But combined use of B12 and D3 improve nerve healing synergistically. We recommend combined use of B12 and D3 after PNI as soon as possible.

The syndrome of headache with neurologic deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL) is a rare entity. This disease has been related to migrainous headaches. It is a benign, self-limited disorder, which is characterized by fluctuating neurological symptoms and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis. We describe a case of a 47 years old man with acute onset of headache and aphasia. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a lymphocytic pleocytosis (25 cells/μl, 100% lymphocytes). Electroencephalogram showed moderate slow rhythm in the left hemisphere, with temporoparietal predominance, and without epileptiform activity. His blood tests as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results were normal. With the diagnosis of HaNDL syndrome the patient was accepted in the Department of Neurology and discharged with full recovery.

[The healthcare workers spend most of their lifetime at the workplace. Job satisfaction is influenced by many factors some of which are connected to the working environment, physical safety at workplace, salary, social relations at workplace and the position in the workplace hierarchy. The diversity of the job, the level of control at workplace, the amount of skills required for the position, the quantity and quality of social relations all contribute to the level of job satisfaction. When the job does not satisfy the most important needs of the workers, job dissatisfaction develops. Dissatisfaction may have many different consequences. It impacts the work performance, extends the length of sick leaves and increases the intent to leave the career. When the health care worker experiences general bad mood, spleen and low self esteem at the workplace, it has a negative influence not only on job satisfaction, but even emotional exhaustion, prolonged anxiety and depression might develop in consequence.]

[Dendritic cells represent important components of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Human dendritic cells can be divided into two major subsets: myeloid and plasmacytoid (lymphoid) dendritic cells. The unique function of the dendritic cells is to capture antigens, present and to activate the antigenic peptides to the T lymphocytes. Dendritic cells go through a maturation process both in vitro and in vivo. By the use of pathogenrecognition- receptors the immature dendritic cells sense diverse pathogens or their various components, or cellular factors produced by the infected neighboring non-dendritic cells, and maturation signals are transduced for the dendritic cells. The heterogeneity of the pathogen-recognition-receptors and the microbial stimuli initiate a broad range of interactions between dendritic cells and infectious agents. Dendritic cells infected with certain viruses produce only a few infectious particles, but express and present viral antigens to T lymphocytes and immune response is initiated (influenza virus). Dendritic cells infected with certain pathogens not only initiate immune response but also disseminate the pathogen (human immunodeficiency virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Some pathogens are killed in the dendritic cells, but the antigens are presented to the T cells, and immune responses are induced (Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci). Dendritic cells capture antigens produced by infected neighbouring cells and present them to T lymphocytes, thus immune response is initiated (human cyto-megalovirus, herpes simplex virus). Dendritic cells are responsible for virus-induced immunosupp-ression; dendritic cells infected with certain pathogens form syncytia with T cells, thereby contribute to the suppression of T cell functions directed against opportunistic infections (measles virus). Dendritic cells can present not only foreign antigens but also self-antigens and when immature dendritic cells become mature upon exposure to inflammatory processes or to pathogens capable of activating them they can induce autoimmunity.]