Neurocognitive aging and the associated brain diseases impose a major social and economic burden. Therefore, substantial efforts have been put into revealing the lifestyle, the neurobiological and the genetic underpinnings of healthy neurocognitive aging. However, these studies take place almost exclusively in a limited number of highly­developed countries. Thus, it is an important open

Discontinuation of medication still remains a key element in the treatment of medication overuse headache (MOH), but there is no consensus on the withdrawal procedure. We aimed to share the promising results of anesthetic blockade of greater occipital nerve (GON), which can be an alternative to existing treatments during the early withdrawal period of MOH treatment.

[Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. Therapeutic success shows high variability between patients, at least 20-30% of the cases are drug-resistant. It can highly affect the social status, interpersonal relationships, mental health and the overall quality of life of those affected.
Although several studies can be found on the psychiatric diseases associated with epilepsy, only a few researches focus on the occurrence of personality disorders accompanying the latter. The aim of this review is to help clinicians to recognize the signs of personality disorders and to investigate their connection and interaction with epilepsy in the light of current experiences.
The researches reviewed in this study confirm that personality disorders and pathological personality traits are common in certain types of epilepsy and they affect many areas of patients’ lives. These studies draw attention to the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to this neurological disorder and to provide suggestions about the available help options. Considering the high frequency of epilepsy-related pathological personality traits that can have a great impact on the therapeutic cooperation and on the patients’ quality of life, it important that the neurologist recognizes early the signs of the patient’s psychological impairment. Thus they can get involved in organizing the support of both the patient and their environment by including psychiatrists, psychologists, social and self-help associations.
As interdisciplinary studies show, epilepsy is a complex disease and besides trying to treat the seizures, it is also important to manage the patient’s psychological and social situation. Cooperation, treatment response and quality of life altogether can be significantly improved if our focus is on guiding the patient through the possibilities of assistance by seeing the complexity and the difficulties of their situation.]

[There are female-specific characteristics also in epidemiology, emerging risk factors, acute reperfusion therapy and out­come of cerebrovascular disorders. Among classical risk factors, as hypertension, atrial fibrillation, diabetes and obesity the risk of stroke is higher in females than males. Re­cognizing female specific risk factors is indispensable not only in therapeutic but also in preventive measures. Pregnancy and puerperium increase the prothrom­botic state which results in a significantly higher incidence of ischemic stroke and cerebral venous thrombosis respectively. The treatment of acute stroke in pregnancy and puerperium is a great challenge since the concerning guidelines providing hardly any conduct in such cases. After meno­pause, there is change in prevalence and severity of cardiovascular risk factors and as a result, the stroke incidence is higher among females than males over the age of 80. Additionally, there are evidence based sex differences in the stroke outcomes. This re­view aims to improve the stroke care quality by presenting characteristic sex differences in this summary. ]

[Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited metabolic disorder associated with elevated total cholesterol and LDL-C levels and early cardiovascular complications. Recognizing and identification of additional risk factors, and the early, efficient lipid-lowering treatment is of pre-eminent importance. Thus, we aimed to evaluate specific regional data of the FH registry in Hungary.

We collected anamnestic data, results of physical examinations, laboratory parameters and achieved lipid values after the lipid lowering treatment of 192 FH patients. While diagnosing FH, we applied the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria. 

We enrolled 140 females and 52 males with average mean age 49.4 ± 15.7 ys and mean BMI 25.8 ± 4.5 kg/m2. They had in 38.5% hypertension, 2.1% type-2 diabetes and 12% smoked tobacco. At diagnosing, the initial total cholesterol was 8.92 ± 2.71 mmol/L and the LDL-C was 6.04 ± 1.9 mmol/L. Genetic tests supported the diagnosis of FH in 53 cases (27.6%). 110 patients (57.3%) were treated with statin, 80 (41.7%) with ezetimibe, and 26 (13,5%) with PCSK9 inhibitors. 45 patients (23.4%) had definitive statin intolerance. Achieved total cholesterol after lipid lowering treatment was 5.86 ± 2.15 mmol/L (–34.3%), while LDL-C was 3.42 ± 1.69 (–43.4%) mmol/L

Number of registered FH patients was markedly lower than estimated by the prevalence data. Due to the high frequency of statin intolerance and partly by omitted administration of effec­tive lipid lowering medication for cost curbing reasons the lipid level goals did not succeed. 

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