[Diuretics are essential therapeutic tools. They effectively reduce blood pressure and have been shown in numerous hypertension clinical trials to reduce both cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. In addition, they are important components of the treatment of heart failure with apparent signs of congestion. While thiazides are recommended in mild forms, loop diuretics are used in the severe stages of congestive heart failure. Loop diuretics and thiazides often induce hypokalaemia, which has been demonstrated to be not as benign as thought before. Diuretic-induced hypokalaemia seems to be aldosterone dependent. Aldosterone levels increase during diuretic therapy. Aldosterone antagonists are unique among diuretics in that they improve survival of patients with heart failure independent of their effect on sodium metabolism. Because of this, diuretic treatment lives its renaissance in cardiology.]

[INTRODUCTION - Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma frequently has bone involvement, but primary bone lymphoma is rare (around 4% of primary extranodal lymphomas). Long bones are most often affected, followed in frequency by the ribs, vertebrae, and pelvic bones. The main symptom is bone pain. CASE REPORT - The case of a young man is presented whose disease started with lumboischialgia. Since rheumatological treatment did not relieve the symptoms, MRI was performed, which showed a tumour with massive iliac bone destruction. Three months after the initial symptoms a surgical biopsy from the right ilium showed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Soon after acute renal insufficiency developed and the patient was put on haemodialysis. Based on the findings the disease was staged as Ann Arbor IV/B (bone and kidney), ECOG PS 3, International Prognostic Index 4. On the basis of the preliminary histological findings, reduced-dose CHOP chemotherapy was given, which resulted in a significant improvement of the renal function and haemodialysis could be abandoned. This was followed by 6 additional cycles of Rituximab-CHOP treatment and further 2 cycles of Rituximab-DHAP salvage chemotherapy with intrathecal prophylaxis, and, finally, since no response could be detected, R-IVAC treatment was given. After an initial response, the disease became progressive, and the patient died 9 months after the diagnosis was made from a disseminated chemoresistant disease. Autopsy confirmed extensive infiltration of the right iliac bone, kidneys, bone marrow, spleen, supraclavicular and abdominal lymph nodes, pancreas, scalp and brain. CONCLUSIONS - This case was chosen to be presented because of the unusual localisation of the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the initial diagnostic difficulty, and the very rapid progression despite the application of several aggressive chemotherapy schemes. A primary bone large B-cell lymphoma represents a diagnostic challenge with its rheumatological symptoms thus delaying diagnosis.]