[Diabetes mellitus and cancer risk]
BECHER Péter1, PATAI Árpád2, MÁJER Katalin3
NOVEMBER 20, 2009
Lege Artis Medicinae - 2009;19(11)
BECHER Péter1, PATAI Árpád2, MÁJER Katalin3
NOVEMBER 20, 2009
Lege Artis Medicinae - 2009;19(11)
[In the past decades, the prevention of micro- and macrovascular complications has been the main target of diabetes treatment. On the basis of the latest publications that have created a storm we have to highlight the associations between diabetes mellitus, its treatment protocols and tumours. Analysing the often controversial human results, in the absence of relevant prospective studies, we have to consider preclinical observations to choose a safe treatment method.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
Lege Artis Medicinae
Lege Artis Medicinae
[During the past two decades, the management of complications of cirrhosis has dramatically changed, which substantially improved the patients’ survival. The present paper provides an overview of the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cirrhosis and its complications including portal hypertension, variceal bleeding, ascites, hepatorenal and hepatopulmonary syndromes, encephalopathy and bacterial infection. Besides noninvasive diagnostic methods, pharmacological and endoscopic treatment modalities are discussed, with emphasis of the importance of nonselective beta-blockers, vasoactive therapy, antibiotic and albumin medication. Prevention and early diagnosis of cirrhosis as well as new pharmacological agents under development presumbaly result in further development in the management of patients with advanced, chronic liver disease.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[The basic principles of the treatment of severe infections have recently been delineated : after having samples for microbiological tests, empiric therapy based on local resistance patterns should be introduced immediately, possibly within 1 hour in severe sepsis or in septic shock, the empiric therapy should be simplified according to the results of microbiological tests and/or improvement of the condition of patient , the antibiotics should be applied according to their pharmacodynamic properties, the duration of therapy should be shortened to the minimum time, in case of well responding non-complicated infection to 5-7 days., The most frequent problem pathogens in Hungary are the MRSA and ESBL-producing Gram-negatives. In severe infections with MRSA bacteremia, the therapy sholud be based on the vancomycin MIC of the pathogen. If MIC is below 1,5 mg/l, vancomycin is probably effective with a serum minimum concentration of 15 mg/l, while in case of less sensitive pathogens the administration of an alternative agent, such as linezolid, tigecyclin or daptomycin should be considered. In severe infections due to ESBL-producing pathogens, the carbapenems are the firts line antibiotics, while tigecyclin seems to be a promising alternative agent. The treatment of severe infections requires thorough care of the patient and skillnes in antimicrobial therapy in the period of multiresistant pathogens]
Lege Artis Medicinae
Lege Artis Medicinae
[It is no exaggeration to say that there is a paradigm shift in the diabetes care. Since 2015, the driving force behind are primarily the widely spreading sensor technologies instead of the new insulin products and treatment regimens. The rapidly spreading sensor technologies are applied in more and more countries financially supported in type 1 diabetes since 2015. The use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM, tissue glucose sensor, simplified as sensor), which includes both real-time CGM (RT-CGM) and intermittently scanned CGM (isCGM), has grown rapidly over the past few years by improving sensor accuracy, greater convenience and ease of use, and expanding support of reimbursement. Numerous studies have demonstrated the significant clinical benefits of using CGM in diabetic patients, regardless of the type of insulin treatment. In this summary, we review the practical aspects of glucose monitoring, the optimal frequency of monitoring, the effectiveness, reliability, and role of continuous glucose monitoring systems.]
Hypertension and nephrology
[Results of cardiovascular safety studies with SGLT-2 inhibitors have shown that in addition to their hypoglycaemic and beneficial cardiovascular effects, they are renoprotective. A number of mechanisms underlying the renoprotective effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors have been shown to reduce albuminuria and deterioration of renal function. Their nephroprotective effects extend over a very wide range of eGFR and albuminuria categories. In the DAPA-CKD study, dapagliflozin was shown to exert its nephroprotective effect regardless of the presence of diabetes and a baseline eGFR, while also having a beneficial effect on cardiovascular endpoints and mortality. Following the confirmation of favourable renal results for SGLT-2 inhibitors, it is no coincidence that they have been included in national and international recommendations for the treatment of chronic kidney disease.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Therapeutic patient education is a lifelong educational activity. As an approach focused on the needs, values and therapeutic strategies of patients, it promotes an increase in patients’ knowledge and skills according to the disease, results in a better quality of life, increased therapeutic compliance and a decrease of complications. Patients become partners and health care providers become coaches. Many type-2 diabetes patients refuse insulin therapy, even when this modality of treatment is indicated. This paper aims to explore diabetic patients’ reasons of accepting insulin therapy and the initial barriers to its use, as well as related education requirements.]
[INTRODUCTION - Data on bone mineral density (BMD) in diabetes mellitus are contradictory in the literature. Early studies described a decreased bone mineral density in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but recent studies report no osteopenia in T1DM.The BMD may depend on the quality of treatment for diabetes mellitus and on the presence of chronic complications. In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the BMD is not decreased, occasionally it can even be increased. PATIENTS AND METHODS - Bone mineral density was measured in 122 regularly controlled diabetic patients (T1DM: n=73, mean age: 43.6±11.1 years,T2DM: n=49, mean age: 61.8±9.8 years) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine and at the femur. Results were compared to those of 40 metabolically healthy control persons with a mean age of 47.5±11.9 years.The patients’ carbohydrate metabolism was assessed by the average HbA1c level of the last three years.These values were 7.9±1.4 % in T1DM, and 7.5±1.7 % in T2DM. BMDs were classified based on the T-score and Z-score using the WHO criteria. RESULTS - There was no significant difference in T1DM or in T2DM compared to the reference group in the prevalence of either osteoporosis or of osteoporosis and osteopenia combined. CONCLUSION - BMD was not found to be decreased in patients with well-controlled metabolism compared to healthy controls.]
Hypertension and nephrology
[The importance of hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus, the method of continuous blood pressure control and patient’s careas well as the forms of non-drug and drug therapy have been disclosed by presenting therapeutical recommendations from American, European scientific societies and international organizations. It has been established that the principles of care and treatment of hypertonia have basically remained unchanged in diabetes all over the world, despite the recent widespread debate over the interpretation of normal blood pressure and the consideration of the benefits of intensive or standard treatment.]
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Journal of Nursing Theory and Practice
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