Hypertension and nephrology - 2011;15(03)

Hypertension and nephrology

JUNE 10, 2011

[Launching “Outlook”, a New Reporting Coloumn]

RADÓ János

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HUN 2011;15(03)

Hypertension and nephrology

JUNE 10, 2011

[Recent developments in the diagnosis and therapy of haemolytic syndrome.Part 2: Aspects of long-term treatment and prognosis]

PROHÁSZKA Zoltán, SZILÁGYI Ágnes, RÉTI Marienn, SZABÓ J. Attila, REUSZ György

[In this review the aspects of long-term therapy and patient care with the management of renal transplantation of patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome are summarized. The indication and practice of plasmapheresis in adult and childhood patients are described. Furthermore, additional therapies, such as requirement for immunosuppressive treatment are also mentioned. In addition, detailed information is given about the associations of different genetic variations and risk of renal transplantfailure in these patients. At the end of the review novel observations are summarized about the clinical data obtained with the emerging anti-C5 monoclonal antibody, eculizumab.]

HUN 2011;15(03)

Hypertension and nephrology

JUNE 10, 2011

[Measurement of ambulatory arterial stiffness index in kidney transplant children]

DÉGI Arianna Amália, KERTI Andrea, KIS Éva, CSEPREKÁL Orsolya, REUSZ György

[Background: Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are the leading cause of death among renal transplant patients (TX). Ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) has been suggested to individually predict the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between traditional and nontraditional risk factors and AASI in renal transplant children. Patients and methods: In our cross-sectional study, 35 TX patients (15.6±4.3 years of age) were investigated with 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and AASI was defined. Anthropometric data, metabolic parameters and body composition values were also assessed. Results: By univariate regression analysis, BMI, volume excess, systolic blood pressure SD score, mean pulse pressure, diastolic diurnal index, nocturnal diastolic blood pressure fall, and the presence of hypertension showed positive correlation with AASI (respectively r=0.53, 0.39, 0.34, 0.33, 0.41, –0.42; p<0.05). Hypertensive patients had higher AASI values (0.47±0.13 vs. 0.36±0.18; p=0.04), which may be due to the longer duration of dialysis and longer time since transplantation (p<0.05). BMI SDS and nocturnal diastolic blood pressure fall remained to be the main predictors of AASI in the whole (R2=0.44, SE=0.14, β=0.34 and –0.30, p=0.03) and in the hypertensive group (R2=0.48, SE=0.10, β=0.47 and –0.41, p=0.01 and 0.02). Conclusion: Early transplantation then the early treatment of obesity and hypertension may be essential in the prevention of target organ damage and CV mortality in children after kidney TX.]

HUN 2011;15(03)

Hypertension and nephrology

JUNE 10, 2011

[Postconditioning in major vascular operations for the prevention of postoperative renal complications]

ARÁNYI Péter, TURÓCZI Zsolt, GARBAISZ Dávid, VARGA Márk, LOTZ Gábor, KUPCSULIK Péter, SZIJÁRTÓ Attila

[Objectives: During vascular surgeries on the abdominal aorta, lower extremities suffer ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury which can lead to rhabdomyolysis. A severe complication is the myonephropathic metabolic syndrome with acute renal failure. The aim of the study was to investigate whether postconditioning (rapid repetitive cycles of ischaemia and reperfusion on the onset of the organ reperfusion, a novel technique to reduce ischaemia-reperfusion injuries) could prevent renal failure in major vascular surgery. Subjects and methods: Male Wistar-rats underwent 180 minutes of bilateral lower limb ischaemia and four hours of reperfusion. Postconditioning consisted of 6 cycles of 10-second aortic occlusion/10-second declamping. Microcirculation of the kidney was detected with laser Doppler flowmeter. After 4, 24, 72 hours of reperfusion serum, urine, and histological samples were collected. Acid-base state was evaluated immediately after reperfusion. Results: After four hours of reperfusion there were no significant histological alterations in the muscle in contrast to the 24 hour rhabdomyolysis with inflammation. CK, LDH, AST levels increased in the acute phase but improved in the 24th and 72nd postoperative hours. Kidney histology and laboratory tests showed definite signs of acute tubular injury in control animals. In the early stage serum creatinine; seBUN/creatinin; FENa showed significantly (p<0.05) lower kidney injury in the postconditioned group. Postconditioning improved the kidney cortex microcirculation. Conclusion: Postconditioning can reduce the prevalence and consequences of renal failure after experimental major vascular surgery in rats.]

HUN 2011;15(03)

Hypertension and nephrology

JUNE 10, 2011

[Comparison of HbA1c levels of diabetic and non diabetic patients at a nephrology outpatient department]

MÁCSAI Emília, SZABÓ Emília, KIRÁLY Mónika, BENKE Attila, LAKATOS László

[Introduction: The role of HbA1c in the diagnostic criteria of diabetes has been more emphasized in the american medical literature. The prevalence of disturbed glucose tolerance in adult population is considered significant. In primary care, in case of identified diabetics the regular HbA1c measurement is not used generally. We screened our proteinuric patients on the spot HbA1c measurement selecting the patients with metabolic syndrome and known diabetes. Patients and methods: During the three week period 51 consecutive patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria, we measured HbA1c along with registration of other laboratory and clinical data. Results: In the non-diabetic group five patients showed HbA1c below 5%, 12 patients between 5.1-5.5%, 19 patients in the range of 5.6-6%, and 6 patients above 6%. The rate of proven diabetes was 14% (6/42 patients) by confirmatory laboratory examination. In the diabetic group the HbA1c values were around 6.7% (median; and range 5.2- 7.9%). Conclusion: We do suggest on the spot HbA1c measurement as screening test in patients with high risk of diabetes at the nephrological outpatient department, further laboratory HbA1c analysis and glucose tolerance test can demonstrate the diagnosis. In patients with overt type 2 diabetes it can help to identify those, who should be sent to diabetological consultation.]

HUN 2011;15(03)

Hypertension and nephrology

JUNE 10, 2011

[My teacher, Pál Gömöri (1905-1973)]

RADÓ János

[Great Hungarian physicians have contributed a lot to the development of international medical science. Pál Gömöri was one of them. It is impossible to list the versatility of his scientific interests, but one of his ambitions was the introduction of the investigational methods of renal nuclear medicine to Hungary. The author’s feeling is that his own activity in renal nuclear medicine concerning “diuretic renography” was inspired partly by the information which was learned from Gömöri. The scientific results produced by Gömöri will be preserved in the libraries and on the internet. The spirit of his medical teaching, however, must be passed over by his students and followers, to provide his remembrance to fade as late as possible ]

HUN 2011;15(03)

Hypertension and nephrology

JUNE 10, 2011

[Combination Treatment with Simvastatin and Ezetimib Reduce the Frequency of Atherosclerotic Events in Chronic Renal Disease]

MÁTYUS János, PARAGH György

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HUN 2011;15(03)