[Ketamine is a widely used drug in pediatric anesthesia practice, acting primarily through the blockade of the Nmethyl- D-aspartate (NMDA) type of glutamate receptors. A growing body of laboratory evidence, accumulated during the past few years, suggests that this drug could have potential adverse effects on the developing central nervous system. The goal of this short review is to give a brief synopsis of experimental work indicating ketamine-induced developmental neurotoxicity as well as to discuss potential limitations concerning extrapolation of these studies to clinical practice.]

[INTRODUCTION - The peak incidence of Crohn’s disease is the second and third decades of life. Twenty-five percent of new cases occur in individuals less than 20 years of age. Typically the clinical presentation of Crohn’s disease is not different in children from in adults. The sudden onset of the disease with serious symptoms is not rare in pediatric patients The signs of acute abdomen, the rapid deterioration of the patient's physical condition needs urgent surgical intervention. Ultrasound is the first imaging method of choice can reveal specific signs of the disease and early accurate diagnosis can be established. The radiation burden can be decreased on this way and the unnecessary surgical intervention can be avoided. CASE REPORT - A child who presented typical signs of acute appendicitis was investigated first by ultrasound. Based on this investigation the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease was suspected, but unfortunately the adequate diagnosis was established only 5 months later after appendectomy and right sided hemicolectomy. CONCLUSION - Authors draw the attention to the importance of the ultrasound investigation in the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease in the childhood.]

[The aim of the study: Evaluation of health professionals’ attitude and the circumstances of delivering bad news in a pediatric inpatient institute. Materials and methods: Exploring, quantitative and cross-section study with the help of self-administered questionnaires among doctors and nurses (n=109). The electronic software used for analysis: SPSS 20.0. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared test and ANOVA-test were applied (p<0.05). Satisfaction with the delivery of bad news and the circumstances of communication were considered as dependent variables. Demographic data, as well as experience in communication trainings/ skills in delivering bad news were defined as independent variables. Results: Health professionals working in the studied institute cannot rely on any protocol regarding the delivery of bad news. However 65.1% of respondents feel the need for a guideline. 56% of subjects did not have any education on the communication of bad news. Emotional support of parents is achieved through information materials (24.8%) and psychological guidance (60.6%). Conclusions: The study shows that in pediatric institutes it would be necessary to work out a guideline for delivering bad news and to organize communicational trainings for those involved.]