[2005, International Year of Physics]
LOMBAY Béla
FEBRUARY 15, 2005
Hungarian Radiology - 2005;79(01)
LOMBAY Béla
FEBRUARY 15, 2005
Hungarian Radiology - 2005;79(01)
Hungarian Radiology
[Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are characterized by remarkable variability in their differentiation potential. They are defined by their expression of KIT (CD117), a tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor. The expression of KIT is important to distinguish gastrointestinal stromal tumors with immunohistochemically method from other mesenchymal neoplasms such as leiomyomas, leiomyosarcomas, leiomyoblastomas and schwannomas. Pathologically proved gastrointestinal stromal tumors are appropriate KIT-inhibitor therapy. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors arise with variable frequency throughout the gastrointestinal tract, they most frequently occur in the stomach (40-70%), followed by the small intestine (20-30%), colorectum (5- 15%) and esophagus (<5%). The most gastrointestinal stromal tumors arise within the muscularis propria, they most commonly have an exophytic growth pattern and manifest as dominant extraluminal masses. Radiologic features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors vary depending of tumor size and organ of origin. They are characteristically well circumscribed, sharply defined and have hemorrhage, necrosis or cyst formation. The radiologic features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors are often distinct from those of epithelial tumors. There are no specific radiologic features to separate gastrointestinal stromal tumors from other mesenchymal tumors, yet.]
Hungarian Radiology
[INTRODUCTION - The functional and morphological changes of oesophagus occur in two third of mixed connective tissue disease patients according to the literature. CASE REPORT - We report three cases of 27, 39 and 48 year old women suffering of lateral pharyngoesophageal, epibronchial and epiphrenic diverticula associated with connective tissue disease. Diverticula had an average diameter of 3.8 cm (maximal diameters: 7.2-8 cm). The esophageal pouches produced dysphagia, dystonia, motility disorders, food stagnation and vomiting, retrosternal burning sensation and tachyarrythmia after 5-16 month's latency period. In one patient pneumoesophagus also evolved. The high serum enzyme levels and proximal electromyogram proved the presence of polymyositis. CONCLUSION - The localization, number and the size of esophageal diverticula are determined by the interstitial myopathy.]
Hungarian Radiology
[Photogrametry is a discipline processing geometric information of images according to the general image concept. Radiostereometric analysis (Roentgen stereophotogrametric analysis) is the most dynamically developing area of the orthopaedic photogrametry. The aim of the authors was to summarize the different methods of radiostereometric analysis in use. Two basically different methods are used: marker-based and model-based radiostereometric analysis. The authors summarize and compare the steps, the advantages and the disadvantages of either method. Radiostereometric analysis is because of its high precision appropriate as a tool in scientific research and diagnostic in orthopaedics, such as detecting the 3D micromotion of different components of implants, the wear of polyethylene inserts or determining anterior-posterior and rotational movements of the knee. Analyzing the reproducibility and accuracy of the reconstruction methods one can establish that the accuracy of analytical methods in use is behind the accuracy of digital automated software. The precision of the model-based radiostereometry can never achieve the accuracy of the marker based radiostereometry because of the inaccuracy of the initial input model of implants, although the one of the method of reversed engineering - one of model-based radiostereometric analysis - can approach the accuracy of marker-based radiostereometry.]
Hungarian Radiology
[INTRODUCTION - Solitary fibrous tumor is a rare, in most of the cases benign tumor of mesenchymal origin arising from the pleura. CASE REPORT - Significantly raised right hemidiaphragm was noted on the chest X-ray of an elderly female patient with good general condition. A large solid mass lesion was seen above the normally positioned right hemidiaphragm on ultrasound and chest CT examinations. The mass was removed by surgical resection and a solitary fibrous tumor was confirmed by histological and immunhistochemical examinations. CONCLUSION - Solitary fibrosus tumor is a rare and histologically benign tumor. Occasionally it may enlarge rapidly and transform into malignant variant after several years. Therefore complete surgical resection and long term follow up is needed in all cases.]
Hungarian Radiology
Although vertigo is one of the most common complaints, intracranial malignant tumors rarely cause sudden asymmetry between the tone of the vestibular peripheries masquerading as a peripheral-like disorder. Here we report a case of simultaneous temporal bone infiltrating macro-metastasis and disseminated multi-organ micro-metastases presenting as acute unilateral vestibular syndrome, due to the reawakening of a primary gastric signet ring cell carcinoma. Purpose – Our objective was to identify those pathophysiological steps that may explain the complex process of tumor reawakening, dissemination. The possible causes of vestibular asymmetry were also traced. A 56-year-old male patient’s interdisciplinary medical data had been retrospectively analyzed. Original clinical and pathological results have been collected and thoroughly reevaluated, then new histological staining and immunohistochemistry methods have been added to the diagnostic pool. During the autopsy the cerebrum and cerebellum was edematous. The apex of the left petrous bone was infiltrated and destructed by a tumor mass of 2x2 cm in size. Histological reexamination of the original gastric resection specimen slides revealed focal submucosal tumorous infiltration with a vascular invasion. By immunohistochemistry mainly single infiltrating tumor cells were observed with Cytokeratin 7 and Vimentin positivity and partial loss of E-cadherin staining. The subsequent histological examination of necropsy tissue specimens confirmed the disseminated, multi-organ microscopic tumorous invasion. Discussion – It has been recently reported that the expression of Vimentin and the loss of E-cadherin is significantly associated with advanced stage, lymph node metastasis, vascular and neural invasion and undifferentiated type with p<0.05 significance. As our patient was middle aged and had no immune-deficiency, the promoting factor of the reawakening of the primary GC malignant disease after a 9-year-long period of dormancy remained undiscovered. The organ-specific tropism explained by the “seed and soil” theory was unexpected, due to rare occurrence of gastric cancer to metastasize in the meninges given that only a minority of these cells would be capable of crossing the blood brain barrier. Patients with past malignancies and new onset of neurological symptoms should alert the physician to central nervous system involvement, and the appropriate, targeted diagnostic and therapeutic work-up should be established immediately. Targeted staining with specific antibodies is recommended. Recent studies on cell lines indicate that metformin strongly inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer cells. Therefore, further studies need to be performed on cases positive for epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Clinical Neuroscience
[The well-known gap between stroke mortality of Eastern and Western European countries may reflect the effect of socioeconomic differences. Such a gap may be present between neighborhoods of different wealth within one city. We set forth to compare age distribution, incidence, case fatality, mortality, and risk factor profile of stroke patients of the poorest (District 8) and wealthiest (District 12) districts of Budapest. We synthesize the results of our former comparative epidemiological investigations focusing on the association of socioeconomic background and features of stroke in two districts of the capital city of Hungary. The “Budapest District 8–12 project” pointed out the younger age of stroke patients of the poorer district, and established that the prevalence of smoking, alcohol-consumption, and untreated hypertension is also higher in District 8. The “Six Years in Two Districts” project involving 4779 patients with a 10-year follow-up revealed higher incidence, case fatality and mortality of stroke in the less wealthy district. The younger patients of the poorer region show higher risk-factor prevalence, die younger and their fatality grows faster during long-term follow-up. The higher prevalence of risk factors and the higher fatality of the younger age groups in the socioeconomically deprived district reflect the higher vulnerability of the population in District 8. The missing link between poverty and stroke outcome seems to be lifestyle risk-factors and lack of adherence to primary preventive efforts. Public health campaigns on stroke prevention should focus on the young generation of socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Three decades ago, LAM was launched with the goal of providing scientific information about medicine and its frontiers. From the very beginning, LAM has also concerned a special subject area while connecting medicine with the world of art. In the palette of medical articles, it remained a special feature to this day. The analysis of the history of LAM to date was performed using internationally accepted publication guidelines and scientific databases as a pledge of objectivity. We examined the practice of LAM if it meets the main criteria, the professional expectations of our days, when publishing contents of the traditional printed edition and its electronic version. We explored the visibility of articles in the largest bibliographic and scientific metric databases, and reviewed the LAM's place among the Hungarian professional journals. Our results show that in recent years LAM has gained international reputation despite publishing in Hungarian spoken by a few people. This is due to articles with foreign co-authors as well as references to LAM in articles written exclusively by foreign researchers. The journal is of course full readable in the Hungarian bibliographic databases, and its popularity is among the leading ones. The great virtue of the journal is the wide spectrum of the authors' affiliation, with which they cover almost completely the Hungarian health care institutional system. The special feature of its columns is enhanced by the publication of writings on art, which may increase Hungarian and foreign interest like that of medical articles.]
Clinical Neuroscience
Acquired idiopathic generalised anhidrosis is an uncommon sweating disorder characterized by loss of sweating in the absence of any neurologic, metabolic or sweat gland abnormalities. Although some possible immunological and structural mechanisms have been proposed for this rare entity, the definitive pathophysiology is still unclear. Despite some successfully treated cases with systemic corticosteroid application, the dose and route of steroid application are controversial. Here, we present a 41-year-old man with lack of generalised sweating who has been successfully treated with high dose pulse intravenous prednisolone. We have discussed his clinical and histopathological findings as well as the treatment options in view of the current literature.
Clinical Neuroscience
Background and aims – Description of two cases of rare intravascular large B-cell lymphoma and secondary T-cell lymphoma diagnosed postmortem, that manifested clinically as longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM). We discuss causes of diagnostic difficulties, deceptive radiological and histological investigations, and outline diagnostic procedures based on our and previously reported cases. Case reports – Our first case, a 48-year-old female was admitted to the neurological department due to paraparesis. MRI suggested LETM, but the treatments were ineffective. She died after four weeks because of pneumonia and untreatable polyserositis. Pathological examination revealed intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVL). Our second case, a 61-year-old man presented with headache and paraparesis. MRI showed small bitemporal lesions and lesions suggesting LETM. Diagnostic investigations were unsuccessful, including tests for possible lymphoma (CSF flow cytometry and muscle biopsy for suspected IVL). Chest CT showed focal inflammation in a small area of the lung, and adrenal adenoma. Brain biopsy sample from the affected temporal area suggested T-cell mediated lymphocytic (paraneoplastic or viral) meningoencephalitis and excluded diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The symptoms worsened, and the patient died in the sixth week of disease. The pathological examination of the presumed adenoma in the adrenal gland, the pancreatic tail and the lung lesions revealed peripheral T-cell lymphoma, as did the brain and spinal cord lesions. Even at histological examination, the T-cell lymphoma had the misleading appearance of inflammatory condition as did the MRI. Conclusion – Lymphoma can manifest as LETM. In cases of etiologically unclear atypical LETM in patients older than 40 years, a random skin biopsy (with subcutaneous adipose tissue) from the thigh and from the abdomen is strongly recommended as soon as possible. This may detect IVL and provide the possibility of prompt chemotherapy. In case of suspicion of lymphoma, parallel examination of the CSF by flow cytometry is also recommended. If skin biopsy is negative but lymphoma suspicion remains high, biopsy from other sites (bone marrow, lymph nodes or adrenal gland lesion) or from a simultaneously existing cerebral lesion is suggested, to exclude or prove diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, IVL, or a rare T-cell lymphoma.
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Clinical Neuroscience
Alexithymia is associated with cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease3.
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Clinical Neuroscience
Cases of inborn errors of metabolism diagnosed in children with autism2.
Clinical Neuroscience
[The first Hungarian patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome after COVID-19]3.
Clinical Neuroscience
Retinal morphological changes during the two years of follow-up in Parkinson’s disease4.
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