[Celiac disease - in its typical form - is a chronic immunemediated enteropathy with typical clinical symptoms that develops against gliadin content of cereal grains, and is often associated with other autoimmune diseases. In cases of atypical manifestation classic symptoms may be absent or mild, and extra-intestinal symptoms or associated syndromes dominate clinical picture. The authors present a longitudinal follow-up of such a case. A 63-years old woman was diagnosed with epilepsy at the age of 19, and with progressive limb ataxia at the age of 36, which was initially thought to be caused by cerebellar atrophy, later probably by stiff person syndrome. At the age 59, her diabetes mellitus manifested with type 2 diabetic phenotype, but based on GAD positivity later was reclassified as type 1 diabetes. Only the last check-up discovered the celiac disease, retrospectively explaining the entire disease course and neurological symptoms. By presenting this case, the authors would like to draw attention to the fact that one should think of the possibility of celiac disease when cerebellar ataxia, progressive neurological symptoms and diabetes are present at the same time. An early diagnosis may help to delay the progression of disease and help better treatment.]

[Hypertension and dementia are frequent disorders or rather syndromes. Their incidence is growing with advancing age and hypertension is increasing the risk of cognitive impairment too, while treating hypertension (i.e. the use of antihypertensive medications) is decreasing it. In addition, hypertension is the most important risk factor for stroke. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has a special role in the development of hypertension and also involved in the pathogenesis of the most frequent dementia form, namely Alzheimer’s disease. The effect of angiotensin convertase inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) is based on the inhibition of the RAS, but the ARBs do not inhibit angiotensin formation, just blocking its harmful effects on the AT1 receptor, while allowing the activation of AT2 receptors with pleiotropic effects. Preclinical, epidemiological and clinical therapeutic studies suggest this additional effect of ARBs and these are summarized in this review.]

[Background and purpose - Medication overuse headache (MOH) is a common form of disabling headache presenting in as much as 30% of the patients seen in headache subspecialty practice. Quality of life (QOL) is frequently used as a secondary endpoint in headache trials. In MOH, previous trials of QOL focused mostly on generic QOL. We report the results of a pilot study that examined the feasibility of using a new QOL questionnaire, the 23-item Comprehensive Headache-related Quality of life Questionnaire (CHQQ), as an indicator of treatment response in MOH. Patients and methods - Fifteen patients (13 women and two men; mean age: 39.7±12.5 years) suffering from MOH were enrolled in a complex treatment programme consisting of acute medication withdrawal, preventive pharmacological treatment, structured advice and lifestyle intervention. The clinical data were collected using a detailed headache diary. CHQQ was completed before and after the treatment programme. Results - MOH patients had low QOL values at baseline which was comparable to the QOL of episodic migraine patients. The treatment programme resulted in significant reductions of the number of headache days and attacks, headache severity and analgesic consumption. The dimensions and total score of CHQQ showed a significant increase after the treatment period. Seventeen of CHQQ’s 23 individual items also improved significantly. Conclusion - In this study the new headache-specific quality of life instrument CHQQ was able to demonstrate significant improvements after adequate treatment of MOH. This result indicates that the CHQQ may be an adequate tool for assessing quality of life in headache treatment trials.]

[Background - We tested whether in diabetic polyneuropathy the temperature dependence of the median nerve conduction parameters reflects the severity of neuropathy. Methods - We validated an electrophysiological score against clinical signs of polyneuropathy. Electroneurography was performed at temperatures from 20-40 °C in diabetic patients with mild, moderate and severe neuropathy and controls. Results - The electrophysiological score reflected the clinical severity of polyneuropathy. At room temperature there were significant differences among groups in almost all parameters. In thermal sensitivity studies were significant differences in distal and proximal motor and sensory areas and in sensory conduction velocities. These four parameters normalized to 1 °C change in temperature also significantly differed among the four groups and were largest in controls and smallest in severe polyneuropathy. Conclusions - The use of an integral parameter - areas are essentially amplitudes integrated over time - increases the probability of detecting decreased thermal sensitivity of peripheral nerves in diabetes.]

[Background and purpose - The neurofibromatosis is a rare genetic disease with increased tumor growing ability and different special symptoms (Riccardi-criteria). The National NF Register has been organized by NF Hungary in 2011. The idea was initiated by hungarian neurofibromatosis experts. Methods - The register contains data about the therapists, the hospitals and the patients. The data are recorded by retrospective method and followed in time, so the register can track progress. Furthermore the register has valid nutrition, physical activity and psychological data, so the users are able to make comparisons with the clinical information. Results - 225 persons are registerd in the system on NF Hungary and 37 patients belong to the NF National Register. The number of the patients, who are member of the register, is always increasing. From the 37 persons 22 are females (60%) and 15 males (40%), 18 adults (48%) and 19 underagedes (52%). Conclusion - NF Register is a very useful system to do research and to draw public health and popolazione conclusions. The register enhances the morbidity details (time of manifestation, progressione, prognostical factors, prognosis), thereby could improve the cooperation and the coverage of the patients. The system is open for the patients as well, so it can give information to the patients about new scientific results, new medical methods and current availavable medications.]