Aim - To evaluate P-wave dispersion before and after antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment as well as to investigate the risk of ventricular repolarization using the Tpeak-Tend (Tp-e) interval and Tp-e/QT ratio in patients with epileptic disorder. Methods - A total of 63 patients receiving AED therapy and 35 healthy adults were included. ECG recordings were obtained before and 3 months after anti-epileptic treatment among patients with epilepsy. For both groups, Tp-e and Tp-e/QT ratio were measured using a 12-lead ECG device. Results - Tp-e interval, Tpe/QT and Tp-e/QTc ratios were found to be higher in the patient group than in the control group (p<0.05, for all), while QTmax ratio was significantly lower in the patient group. After 3 months of AED therapy, significant increases in QT max, QTc max, QTcd, Tp-e, Tp-e/QT, and Tp-e/QTc were found among the patients (p<0.05). When the arrhythmic effects of the drugs before and after treatment were compared, especially in the valproic acid group, there were significant increases in Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc values after three months of treatment (p<0.05). Carbamazepine and levetiracetam groups were not statistically significant in terms of pre- and post-treatment values. Conclusions - It was concluded that an arrhythmogenic environment may be associated with the disease, and patients who received AED monotherapy may need to be followed up more closely for arrhythmia.

[This study presents the complete history of the Hungarian vaccine production, partly in association with the process of fighting vaccine-preventable infectious diseases, and underlines the fact that every government actively contributed to the age-adjusted mandatory vaccination schedule of the past 140 years. It demonstrates the various achievements from the smallpox lymph production through the launch of diphtheria serum production at Phylaxia and the establishment of the National Public Health Institute (OKI) with its vaccine production and the later institutional transformation of OKI into Humán as economic corporation to its closure. Among all OKI’s vaccine production activities, this study focuses on the production of influenza vaccines, due to its international importance in the 1960s and 1970s. The vaccine production against diphtheria tetanus and pertussis stands out from Humán’s activities, and the tetanus component of this vaccine is still used in the products of a multinational vaccine manufacturer. ]

[Increasing experimental and clinical evidences demonstrated the synergic effect between the rapidly implemented immunotherapy and advanced forms of focal radiotherapy, not only on the elimination of the irradiated lesion, but also on the enhancement the immune-mediated systemic anti-tumoral activity. It is essential for gaining the most benefi t from the combination of the two modalities to select the appropriate patients, to defi ne the irradiation parameters, such as radiation quality (ie. particle) dosage, (total dose, fraction number) size of the target volume, the use of other supportive and anti-tumor drugs. In this review, we provide an update for the daily oncological practice on the data accumulated up to now on the molecular basis and patomechanism of enhancing radio-immune effect and clinical results, and highlight the most important parameters, which may increase the abscopal effect of ionizing radiation, thereby increasing the effectiveness of immunotherapy. However, development of clinical guidelines for benefi cial integration of immunotherapy and radiotherapy could be expected after evaluation the result of currently ongoing numerous (> 100) clinical trials. If the preclinical results will be confi rmed clinically, it could lead to paradigm shift in the use of ionizing radiation.]