[Neurophysiological methods are gaining ground in the diagnosis and therapy of cerebrovascular disease. While the role of the EEG (electroencephalography) in the diagnosis of post-stroke epilepsy is constant, quantitative EEG para-meters, as new indicators of early efficiency after thrombolysis or in prognosis of patient’s condition have proved their effectiveness in several clinical studies. In intensive care units, continuous EEG monitoring of critically ill patients became part of neurointenzive care protocols. SSEP (somatosesnsory evoked potencial) and EEG performed during carotid endarterectomy, are early indicative intraoperativ neuromonitoring methods of poor outcome. Neurorehabilitation is a newly discovered area of neurophysiology. Clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the rehabilitation of stroke patients. Brain computer interface mark the onset of modern rehabi-litation, where the function deficit is replaced by robotic tehnology. ]

[Nearly 50% of upper gastrointestinal bleedings originate from peptic ulcers. While the number of scheduled operations carried out due to peptic ulcers is decreased to nearly zero in the past decade, the number operations due to the complications of peptic ulcers remained unchanged. Bleeding from peptic ulcers usually stops spontaneously in a remarkable part of the cases, but in many times rebleeding is anticipated. These patients present several problems which are difficult to treat, and patients in need of emergency surgery are usually from this group. This is the main reason why the identification of those patients with high risk for rebleeding is important. With the help of the modified "Baylor Bleeding Score" rebleeding can be predicted. In the case of high risk for rebleeding, an early elective operation can avoid a latter urgent operation, which has markedly higher mortality and morbidity. In peptic ulcer bleeding, endoscopic treatment modalities have the priority. Most preferred method is the injection of different haemostatic drugs, with thermal methods and haemoclips being also accepted. Among surgical treatments, ”aggressive” resection operations are preferable. Additional "conservative" medical treatment with proton pump inhibitors is also recommended.]

[Today, in relation to the economical aspects of medical therapies, the patterns of patients’ drug taking have come into focus. One of the important indicators is adherence, which consists of four different concepts concerning faithfulness to therapy: acceptance, concordance, persistance and compliance. In chronic diesases, medical therapy without a certain degree of adherence is no more useful than no therapy at all. A number of international clinical studies show that in osteoporosis, the therapy can only lead to a decrease in the number of fracture in case of sufficient adherence.]

[Background and objective - An estimated 20% of ischemic strokes are of cardiogenic origin, half of which is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). Anticoagulation treatment of patients with this arrhythmia reduces their risk of stroke. Effectiveness and safety of oral anticoagulant therapy with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) is limited, however, by their well-known narrow therapeutic window and the substantial inter- and intraindividual variability of INR values depending on genetic and dietary factors as well as drug interactions. Our objective was to evaluate the prevalence of adequate anticoagulation and the level of anticoagulant effect actually achieved among patients with AF hospitalized for acute stroke. Methods - Patients with AF admitted to our hospital ward in 2012 for acute stroke (n=226) were included in the analysis. Using descriptive statistics, relevant clinical and therapeutic characteristics of the patients were assessed, with special reference to the INR values on admission (among patients with known AF), and the clinical outcomes. Results - Of the study cohort, 170 patients had a diagnosis of AF before the admission for stroke, but 47% of them did not take anticoagulants. Patients who suffered stroke while on anticoagulants (83 on VKA, 7 on low-molecular-weight heparins), were in most cases (75%) out of the therapeutic INR range, typically undertreated (INR<2). Overall, inadequate or completely absent anticoagulation was documented in 81% of the stroke cases occurring in patients with known AF. Of the entire study cohort, 41% was discharged home, 34% required continued institutional care, and 25% died. Conclusions - The inadequacy or lack of anticoagulation was observed in the vast majority of acute strokes in patients with known AF. These cases are often related to the well-documented limitations of VKA therapy in terms of its safety, tolerability and/or practical aspects. To prevent them, important changes are warranted in the anticoagulation practice, including the closer control of VKA therapy and the broader use of new oral anticoagulants.]

[INTRODUCTION - The aim of our study is to show how people can live with a diagnosis of a psychiatric disease, a schizophrenia diagnosis in Hungary. METHODOLOGY - We made 25 narrative life story interviews with Hungarian people diagnosed with mental illnesses. We examined what the main obstacles and supporting factors may be in the life stories regarding the independent lifestyle and participation in community. RESULTS - According to the interviewees the main obstacles are their states or diseases, the stigmas after their diagnoses, the function of the psychiatric care system and the lack of self-reliance following the patient role. They mentioned the family and their own motivations as supporting factors. CONCLUSION - The examination of the institutional functions can reveal what the supporting factors may be which can facilitate the social participation of people diagnosed with mental illnesses on the level of the system. ]