[INTRODUCTION - The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents is increasing worldwide. PATIENTS AND METHODS - Authors have investigated the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and of impaired glucose tolerance among the patients of the 1st Department of Pediatrics at the Semmelweis University between January 1989 and September 1998. RESULTS - During this period, 161 children with impaired glucose tolerance and 34 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were diagnosed. There was a female predominance. 53% of the patients were already in puberty. The majority of the patients were obese. Serum triglyceride and cholesterine levels exceeded normal values as compared to age matched healthy children. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring revealed relative nocturnal hypertension. 35% of the patients also had microalbuminuria. CONCLUSION - In type 2 diabetes mellitus the early signs of late complications can be detected in the young. It reveals the importance of establishing the diagnosis of this disease as soon as possible.]

[During the past years several new oral antidiabetic agents have become available and more new drugs of this type are expected to appear on the market. New products appeared in both groups of insulin sensitizers and insulin secretagogues. Modern insulin secretagogues are characterized by immediate and short action. As a consequence, insulin secretion will approach the physiological secretory pattern. The rapid, short-term insulin output prevents the abnormal increase of postprandial glucose level and - at the same time - the danger of late hypoglycemia will decrease. The combination of insulin sensitizers with the new insulin secretagogues provides the possibility to apply the basisbolus therapeutical principle to type 2 diabetic patients treated with oral agents.]

[In ischaemic heart disease, if the medically treated patient’s anginal complaints and/or ischaemic symptoms are persistent, coronary angiography, and according to its results, coronary intervention (surgery or dilatation) may become necessary. The intervention is required in critical stenosis (>70% diameter) of the main vessels, the emergency depends on the clinical situation. Basic method of coronary angioplasty is the balloon dilatation, other tools (stent, rotablator, laser wire, atherectomy device, etc.) are also available. Periprocedural anticoagulant (heparin) and platelet aggregation inhibitor (aspirin, ticlopidine, GP IIb/III/a receptor blocker) treatment is required, the latter after the procedure as well. After stent implantation the lumen of the vessel is bigger and the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (acute myocardial infarction, repeated intervention, fatal outcome) is diminished. Decrease of serum lipid level improves the outcome of coronary angioplasty. It is applicable successfully for multiple lesions, occluded vessels, stable and unstable angina, in the early phase of myocardial infarction, in patients who underwent coronary surgery, and in old age too. Risk factors of the intervention are: tortuous vessel, significant calcification, stenosis in angle or ostium, luminal thrombus, urgent intervention, old age, female gender, congestive heart failure, unstable condition and acute myocardial infarction. When indicating the intervention, besides the probable results, it is necessary to consider the possibility of complications (myocardial infarction, malignant rhythm disorders, acute heart failure, bleeding, etc.). In left main stem stenosis, 3 vessel disease and in the case of 1 functioning coronary artery surgery would be preferable. With the present facilities the ratio of urgent surgical intervention as well as the mortality is below 1%.]