[Introduction - Stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide (following cardiovascular and cancer mortality) and associated with serious disability for the vast majority of patients. There is no salvage therapy for irreversibly damaged brain areas, improving the circulation of the surrounding hypoperfused territories may be associated with benefitial clinical states. Cerebral hypoperfusion may play a role in the pathogenesis of other kind of neurological diseases, improvement of global circulation may have a preventive effect on these conditions. Aims - The aim of our study was to review the experimental and clinical articles focusing on the role of vinpocetin in different neurological conditions. Results - Vinpocetin appears to have several different mechanisms of action that allow for its antiinflammatory, antioxidant, vasodilating, antiepileptic and neuroprotective activities in experimental conditions. On the other hand, several meta-analysis of the existing studies in acute stroke examining short and long term fatality rates with vinpocetin was unable to assess efficacy. In chronic cerebrovascular patients, vinpocetin improves impaired hemorheological variables, has significant vasodilating properties, improves endothelial dysfunction, neuroimaging studies showed selective increase in cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate, all of which are potentially beneficial in cerebrovascular disease and may improve cognitive functions. Summary - Based on the above mentioned results vinpocetin plays an important role both in basic research and in clinical management of different neurological diseases.]

[The lipid lowering therapy became one of the most important elements in the cardiovascular prevention, yet it is not appropriately evaluated neither by the doctors, nor by the patients. The lipid goal attainment should to be improved according to Hungarian and international data. Using a recommendation guided lipid lowering therapy the most benefit can be expected in the patients at very high risk who alrea­dy had a cardiovascular event, where the LDL-cholesterol goal is 1.8 mmol/L. Calculating upon the data of 170000 patients of Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration a decrease of LDL-cholesterol level from 2.5 mmol/L to 1.8 in 100 patients in 10 years would avoid 3 myocardial infarctions, strokes or death, lowering that from 3.5 mmol/L to the goal would prevent these 3 events within 5 years. Using the traditional LDL-cholesterol lowering medication, high dose statin and ezetimibe, if the attitude of doctors and the compliance of patients would be ideal, the 1.8 mmol/L goal attainment rate would be over 80%. Unfortunately, up to now the reimbursed administration of ezetimibe in Hungary is still bound to a specialist’s recommendation, adding it to any dose of any statin an additional 20% LDL-cholesterol can be expected. The reimbursed administration of PCSK9-inhibitors is possible only based on a special request to National Health Insurance Fund. To achieve a better national cardiovascular morbidity and mortality the attitude of the doctors and the adherence of the patients to the lipid lowering therapy should be improved (it’s the goal of the present paper as well).]

[Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the progressive management of sudden cardiac arrest with the goal of restoring spontaneous circulation and preserve vital organ functions. Sudden cardiac death occuring out of hospital is still one of the major causes of death among otherwise healthy and young population however, approppriate management - certainly including resuscitation as the first step - might provide a reasonably good quality of life. Long term outcome of resuscitation is mainly determined by the links of the Chain of Survival, eg. early access, early CPR, early defibrillation and early advanced care. The aim of this review is to present the upto- date concepts for the best management of these survival links.]

[The myocardial ischemia is caused by insufficient offer of oxygen, it can be caused by damage of coronary arteries which is called coronary heart disease, and might be non coronary in origin, this is the relative coronary insufficiency. The reason of coronary heart diesease is the stenosis or occlusion of the lumen of subepicardial main coronary branches as well as intramyocardial small vessels. The type of alterations either of the main or the small vessels are mentioned. The myocardial bridge play an important part in genesis of intimal plaques. The discrepancy occuring between the actual oxygen demand and oxygen offer causes the relative coronary insufficiency, such as myocardial hypertrophy, anemia, shock, fever etc. The myocardial damages, those of caused ischemia can be devided pathologically irreversibile lesions (infarction, coagulative and colliquation myocytolysis) and ischemic heart disease (ischemic cardiomypathy) and clinically angina pectoris and sudden death. The irreversible lesions are detailed in morphological point of view, and differenece between the regional and subendocardial infarction is accentuated.]