[GLP-1 receptor agonists in the elderly]
WINKLER Gábor1
WINKLER Gábor1
[According to current guidelines of type 2 diabetes, treatment, glucagon-like peptide (GLP) -1 receptor agonists (RAs) are primary suggested drugs of the early antidiabetic medication, just after the first antidiabetic metformin. However, more and more arguments support their optional application in old age diabetes. These include multi-target strong glycemic effects, low risk of hypoglycaemia, proven cardio- and nephroprotective nature of long- and ultra long-acting derivatives, multifaceted beneficial pleiotropic effects, as well as the appearence of their fixed combinations with analogue basal insulins effective in weight loss and lowering the blood pressure. This study reviews specific aspects of blood sugar lowering treatment in the elderly and the potential benefits of choosing GLP-1 RAs in this age group. While presenting data of relevant literature and own experiences it is emphasized, that these preparations can be used safely in long term also in this age group.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Three decades ago, LAM was launched with the goal of providing scientific information about medicine and its frontiers. From the very beginning, LAM has also concerned a special subject area while connecting medicine with the world of art. In the palette of medical articles, it remained a special feature to this day. The analysis of the history of LAM to date was performed using internationally accepted publication guidelines and scientific databases as a pledge of objectivity. We examined the practice of LAM if it meets the main criteria, the professional expectations of our days, when publishing contents of the traditional printed edition and its electronic version. We explored the visibility of articles in the largest bibliographic and scientific metric databases, and reviewed the LAM's place among the Hungarian professional journals. Our results show that in recent years LAM has gained international reputation despite publishing in Hungarian spoken by a few people. This is due to articles with foreign co-authors as well as references to LAM in articles written exclusively by foreign researchers. The journal is of course full readable in the Hungarian bibliographic databases, and its popularity is among the leading ones. The great virtue of the journal is the wide spectrum of the authors' affiliation, with which they cover almost completely the Hungarian health care institutional system. The special feature of its columns is enhanced by the publication of writings on art, which may increase Hungarian and foreign interest like that of medical articles.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
Lege Artis Medicinae
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Hungarian professional periodicals started quite late in European context. Their publishing, editing and editorial philosophy were equally influenced by specific historical and political situations. Certain breaking points of history resulted in termination of professional journals (War of Independence 1848-1849, First and Second World Wars), however there were periods, which instigated the progress of sciences and founding of new scientific journals. Both trends were apparent in years after the fall of former Hungarian regime in 1990. The structure of book and journal publishing has changed substantially, some publishers fell “victim” others started successfully as well. The latters include the then-established publishing house Literatura Medica and its own scientific journal, Lege Artis Medicinae (according to its subtitle: New Hungarian Medical Herald) issued first in 1990. Its appearance enhanced significantly the medical press market. Its scientific publications compete with articles of the well-established domestic medical journals however its philosophy set brand-new trends on the market. Concerning the medical community, it takes on its problems and provides a forum for them. These problems are emerging questions in health care, economy and prevention, in close interrelation with system of public health institutions, infrastructure and situation of those providing individual health services. In all of them, Lege Artis Medicinae follows consequently the ideas of traditional social medicine.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[What has Go to do with making clinical decisions? One of the greatest intellectual challenges of bedside medicine is making decisions under uncertainty. Besides the psychological traps of traditionally intuitive and heuristic medical decision making, lack of information, scarce resources and characteristics of doctor-patient relationship contribute equally to this uncertainty. Formal, mathematical model based analysis of decisions used widely in developing clinical guidelines and in health technology assessment provides a good tool in theoretical terms to avoid pitfalls of intuitive decision making. Nevertheless it can be hardly used in individual situations and most physicians dislike it as well. This method, however, has its own limitations, especially while tailoring individual decisions, under inclusion of potential lack of input data used for calculations, or its large imprecision, and the low capability of the current mathematical models to represent the full complexity and variability of processes in complex systems. Nevertheless, clinical decision support systems can be helpful in the individual decision making of physicians if they are well integrated in the health information systems, and do not break down the physicians’ autonomy of making decisions. Classical decision support systems are knowledge based and rely on system of rules and problem specific algorithms. They are utilized widely from health administration to image processing. The current information revolution created the so-called artificial intelligence by machine learning methods, i.e. machines can learn indeed. This new generation of artificial intelligence is not based on particular system of rules but on neuronal networks teaching themselves by huge databases and general learning algorithms. This type of artificial intelligence outperforms humans already in certain fields like chess, Go, or aerial combat. Its development is full of challenges and threats, while it presents a technological breakthrough, which cannot be stopped and will transform our world. Its development and application has already started also in the healthcare. Health professionals must participate in this development to steer it into the right direction. Lee Sedol, 18-times Go world champion retired three years after his historical defeat from AlphaGo artificial intelligence, because “Even if I become the No. 1, there is an entity that cannot be defeated”. It is our great luck that we do not need to compete or defeat it, we must ensure instead that it would be safe and trustworthy, and in collaboration with humans this entity would make healthcare more effective and efficient. ]
Hypertension and nephrology
[Prevalence of hypertension over the age of 56 is increasing in size and a significant proportion (60-80%) of isolated systolic hypertension. Within the population screening in the older age groups - in the light of economic development - 25-40% of the prevalence. We have an opportunity to analyse the prevalence and specificity of isolated systolic hypertension from age 36 to age 10 years on the base of 7 years data of the MÁESZ (Comprehensive Health Protection Screening Program of Hungary 2010- 2020) survey. Between 56-65 years 23.27-24.23% (male/female) 66-75 years 34,89-33,15% and over 76 years 44.04-41.5% occurrence was found. Divergence of systolic and diastolic pressure has begun since 36 years. Pulse pressure was used to separate individuals with varying degree of vascular disorders.]
Hypertension and nephrology
[According to epidemiological data, the number of diabetic patients requiring dialysis is increasing. Burnt-out diabetes, new onset diabetes during chronic dialysis treatment and new onset diabetes after transplantation diabetes are new types of diabetes compared to the traditional division forms. It is utmost important to evaluate education ability and acceptance the core values of lifestyle changes. Clear guidelines for oral anti-diabetic and insulin therapy have not yet been developed since this group of patients did not participate in previous major surveys. In order to formulate individualized therapeutic recommendations, it is imperative to perform regular glucose self-monitoring, which is also the cornerstone of solving unexpected situations. Both in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, special considerations should be applied to the diabetic patient group, this review focuses on the current understanding of available relevant knowledge and summarizes presumably extrarenal diabetic complications as well.]
Journal of Nursing Theory and Practice
[Aims: The changes from the introduction of the care needs of elderly people in Nursing Home run by Church, set year 2011 against year 2016. Methods: The sample was taken from the residents of Filadelfia Integrated Social Institution in 2011 (N=118), in 2016 (N=122) and from the nurses who worked there in 2011 and also in 2016 (N==18). The survey was conducted through a self-constructed online questionnaire. The Nursing Documentation was reviewed during the document analysis. Data were analyzed with SPSS using Chi square and Fisher’s tests. Results: It can be concluded that the numbers of care needed people increased, like living with dementia (p=0,001), using catheter (p=0,001), handicapped (p=0,001), using long term painkillers (p=0,005). Fluctuation and the decrease of the numbers of professional stuff are typical. Conclusions: For the care needs of elderly people, higher level care is needed with professional stuff qualifications. ]
Hypertension and nephrology
[Around authors of the literature data and our own experience of the relationship between hypertension and cognitive function. The age progresses, more and more of the dysfunction and vascular dementia. This plays a significant role in hypertension. Simple methods, tests you should regard the practice and also check this function, considering that the aging population is an unstoppable process. The effective antihypertensive treatment, blood pressure variability reduction positively affected by the deterioration of the cognitive function, especially if treatment is started as soon as possible.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Delirium is a disorder of the vigilance of attention and consciousness, and cognitive functions caused by brain disorders. It has an acute onset and a potentially fluctuating course. The neural dysfunction, which is responsible for the development of this syndrome often appears as a secondary condition due to systemic disorders. This is not a psychiatric illness: primary mental disorders do not cause troubles in the vigilance of consciousness. Among the elderly it occurs rather frequently, might affect approximately a seventy five thousand elderly people in our country. Shockingly, almost two-thirds of these cases remain unrecognised, which has a significance for public health since it increases markedly the risks of morbidity and mortality. Due to the frequent multimorbidity and polypragmasia, the treatment of this syndrome is a challenge requiring complex medical knowledge. Systematic non-pharmacologic preventive strategies have particular significance in its care. ]
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Clinical Neuroscience
Alexithymia is associated with cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease3.
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Retinal morphological changes during the two years of follow-up in Parkinson’s disease4.
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