[Insulin analogues have been developed in order to overcome some drawbacks of human insulins. Switching from a human insulin-based basal- bolus regimen to once daily detemir could result in improved metabolism and increased safety of the therapy. We assessed the effects of switching from human NPH-insulin to once daily detemir insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with a basal-bolus insulin regimen. We evaluated the data of 1,474 patients with diabetes (age: 59.1±9.8 years, body weight 89.6±8.6 kg, BMI 31.6±5.4 kg/m2) in an observational, prospective, 24-week, multicenter study. All patients were treated with a basal-bolus regimen consisting of human NPH as basal insulin and a human or analogue insulin as bolus insulin. After enrollment, patients received once daily detemir insulin instead of NPH-insulin, while treatment with bolus insulin was continued. Patients were examined at weeks 12 and 24. By week 24, the mean HbA1c value, irrespective of BMI-categories, decreased significantly (p<0.0001) from 8.63±1.01% by 0.79±0.63%. Fasting blood glucose level decreased from 8.86±1.78 mmol/l to 7.09±1.31 mmol/l; p<0.0001). The target level of HbA1c (<7.0%) was reached by 194 patients (13.1%). The patients’ body weight decreased significantly by week 12 (-0.69±2.00 kg; p<0.0001) and by week 24 (-1.28±2.80 kg; p<0.0001). The changes were more pronounced in higher than in lower BMI-categories (p for trend <0.0001). The mean daily doses of basal insulin were increased from 0.28 IU/kg to 0.33 IU/kg while those of bolus insulins were not changed. The rate of severe hypoglycaemic events decreased significantly (p=0.048) from 2.95 [daytime 1.02, nocturnal 1.93] to 0.06 [daytime 0.04, nocturnal 0.02] episodes/patient-year. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with basal-bolus regimen, switching from human basal insulin to once daily insulin detemir results in a significantly improved metabolism, as well as fewer hypoglycaemic events and decreased body weight. Nevertheless, the low rate of patients reaching the glycaemic target implicates that some factors other than an appropriate basal insulin substitution have a role in achieving an optimal metabolic control.]

[Acetylsalicylic acid effectively blocks the activation of platelets, and becomes a basic element of antithrombotic therapy of patients with high cardiovascular risk. Decrease of platelet reactivity is due to the irreversible inhibition of COX- 1 isoenzime in platelets during treatment. Choosing the right dose is still not an easy task. Bleeding side effects are frequently seen in patients treated with this drug worldwide. Clinical benefit does not improves with escalated doses (300 mg), however the risk of haemorrhagic events increases. Therefore acetylsalicylic acid dose should be reduced to the effective minimal dose (75-150 mg daily) after the acute phase of atherothrombosis in order to prevent side effects. Effect of acetylsalicylic acid differs individually, it might be important screening out those patients who respond less to the drug. Resistance is still an evolving field, proper methodology is to be determined. Right indications of acetylsalicylic acid needs balance between reaching clinical benefit and avoiding side effects. The Hungarian Cardiovascular Therapeutic Consensus Conference 2009 suggested acetylsalicylic acid in primary prevention for those males only, who have overt cardiovascular risk, and SCORE result is more than 10%, with no gastrointestinal haemorrhage in medical history, and with a well-controlled hypertension. Lifelong aspirin prevention should be used after all diagnosed cardiovascular atherothrombotic event as a cornerstone of secondary prevention with low dose (75-150 mg daily) in both genders.]