[A preclinical cadaver study was performed to test a transendoscopic sonographic probe for neurosurgery. In 25 fresh post-mortem adult human cadaver with a total of 39 endo-sonographic dissections in the ventricular system were carried out. A sonograph with an outer diameter of 6 F was used and radial sonograms were made by a realtime image technique. First results showed precise imaging, comparable to a CT in a neighbouring area of 3 cm. In this publication, the authors describe the endo-neurosonographic anatomy of the ventricular system. The sonographic probe was advanced through the working canal of a ventriculoscope, then the endoscopic and sonographic imaging were compared. Results were documented by paralell sonographic and endoscopic photo and video recordings. Based on the authors experience, it is revealed that the additional sonographic view could also be used as a navigation tool.]

[Objectives - Ineffective surgical and radiotherapy of glioblastoma is mainly due to its intensive infiltrating behavior. Contrarily, brain metastases of anaplastic carcinomas are well-circumscribed intracerebral lesions that can be easily exstirpated in most cases. The molecules of the extracellular matrix (ECM) play a pivotal role in the peritumoral infiltration. In this study the mRNA expression of the ECM components was investigated in two types of intracerebral malignoma with different invasion activity. Our aim was to identify the ECM molecules that are responsible for the different intensity of peritumoral infiltration of tumors from different origin. Methods - The mRNA expression of twenty-three ECM molecules was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Four pieces of glioblastoma and four pieces of intracerebral lung adenocarcinoma metastasis from neurosurgical operation were investigated. Immunohistochemical investigations were performed in case of five molecules. Results - The mRNA expression of nine molecules (brevican, neurocan, neuroglycan-C, syndecan-1,2,4, tenascin-C, versican and matrix-metalloproteinase-[MMP]2) differed significantly by comparison of the two tumor types. By immunohistochemistry, neurocan, syndecan, versican and MMP-2 showed alteration in staining intensity according to the mRNA expression, while MMP-9 showed higher staining intensity in the metastatic tumor. Conclusions - The identified molecules can play an important role in the different infiltration activity of tumors from different origin. Thus these ECM-components could serve as targets for anti-invasion therapy in the future.]

[Authors reviewed the recent results of pancreas tumour radiological diagnostics and the place of the imaging and interventional methods. Systematical review of the most recent articles were summarized (July 2003-December 2004) in the following subjects: the etiology and clinico-pathology, general diagnostic and therapeutical questions of early pancreatic neoplasms, abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography, multidetector computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, MR-cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic ultrasound, intraductal ultrasound, endoscopic ultrasound-guided cytology, percutaneous biopsy, positron emission tomography, positron emission tomography - computed tomography, special pancreatic tumours. Experiences about the pancreas diagnostic methods are accumulating year-to-year rapidly. Therefore the current examination algorithm is changing continuously. New diagnostic and therapeutic modalities are entering in the daily practice. These are the reasons why the up-to-date knowledge of the literature is mandatory.]

[Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent cancer in the postindustrial world; its most common form is adenocarcinoma. In Hungary, colorectal cancer has the second highest mortality among tumours. If diagnosed early, it might be successfully treated by surgery, however, chemotherapy is necessary to prevent tumor relapse and development of metastases and achieve adequate palliation. In the past few years, adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer has improved substantially. Many new drugs have been developed, which are also being used in combination with previously known agents. This article will discuss the novelties in the field of adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer and the main guidelines of adjuvant treatment.]

[Medical treatment of gastrointestinal diseases has developed dramatically in the past 10 years. However, management of gastrointestinal disorders in pregnancy is still a serious challenge and requires special expertise. This paper provides recommendations on the indications of gastrointestinal endoscopy and treatment options based on the best available evidence, primarily from large retrospective studies and case reports. Currently there are no generally applicable, widely accepted, evidence-based guidelines available on the treatment of pregnant women. The risks of the gastrointestinal disease versus those of the medications used to treat it should be considered with regard to the health of both the mother and the foetus in each individual case. The risks and benefits of treatment and the consequences of withholding treatment should be discussed with the patient, the obstetrician and any other clinicians involved, and should be carefully documented.]