[Obesity represents a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries having rapidly increased in prevalence in the past two decades. Childhood obesity is of particular concern. Two of its associated diseases require special attention; metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes one of its components that are increasingly diagnosed in childhood. A key to prevention and treatment is healthy lifestyle. The importance of education to healthy lifestyle from early childhood cannot be overemphasized.]

[INTRODUCTION - Starting first aid education in early childhood can be an effective method of knowledge transfer. AIM - Our aim was to examine first aid education related opinions of kindergarten- and primary school children, educators, and parents. MATERIALS AND METHODS - 871 people (children, educators, parents) were involved in our study. Opinions were measured with self-administered questionnaires, containing mainly open questions. RESULTS - General opinion of parents and educators on first aid education in childhood were mainly positive, but they also gave negative ones. The majority of participants had a positive opinion about our completed program. Based on the opinions of parents and educators first aid education is recommended by health care professionals. Opinions were independent from gender, age, lenght of time of working with children in all cases (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS - General opinion of parents and educators was varied, but it was generally positive concerning our program. Based on this results opinions can be changed with concrete activities. ]

[Many times, behind mens’ fears there is the fear of death. Drug use can be defined as a kid of self destruction, so it is directly linked to attitudes toward death. In Hungary, suicide among young people is one of the leading causes of death, which is often associated with some kind of addiction or substance abuse. We can also say that drug use is an indirect way of “death search”, which prolongs the agony and the time of suffering. Drug-related death can be directly attributed to drug overdose. Intravenous drug use may cause a risk of infectious diseases (such as sharing needles/syringe/filter use) - HCV, AIDS, etc. Intravenous drug use is mostly - but not exclusively - characteristic to opiate users. Heroin’s mode of action is described as causing an intense feeling of euphoria and a way of feeling augmenting to stupor. Its addictive potential is very high, the degradation is visible and can be fatal. In this paper, we discuss previous observations on overdose that is the validity of harm reduction justified by former research, the possible predictors of overdose and the identification of the prevention area.]

[BACKGROUND - Randomized controlled trials (RCT) of acupuncture show heterogeneity in several ways. Acupuncture interventions used for the same conditions are greatly variable and so are study designs. METHOD - We evaluated the most frequently cited randomized controlled trials of acupuncture based on traditional Chinese medicine by examining practitioner background using elements of the “STandards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture”. The extracted data was compared with international guidelines and standards of traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture education. RESULTS - We identified 5 heterogenous educational systems with contact training hours ranging from 120 to 3000. The educational criteria set by 93.75% of the reviewed trials did not meet the standards of the World Health Organization guidelines for acupuncture education or the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies standard for Chinese medicine education. Education in traditional Chinese acupuncture is internationally heterogeneous and this heterogeneity was found to be underreported in 87.5% of these trials, not provided for in study design. DISCUSSION - The generalizability and external validity of the reviewed trials may be questioned regarding the participating practitioners’ training background. In the future, a similar evaluation of systematic reviews could help further elucidate the issue of educational heterogeneity in traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture trials.]

[The aim of the study: The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of smoking and identify factors that predict smoking cessation motivation among health workers. Material and method: Cross-sectional, self-reported survey filled out by all healthcare workers of Jósa András Teaching Hospital. Statistical analyses were performed by chi-square analysis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Of all responses (N =1561), 29.9% reported actively smoking, 52.0% smoked between 11-20 cigarettes a day. A total of 20.4% had tried to quit smoking before. Those who would not participate in a smoking cessation program outweighed those who favored participation (43.2% vs. 35.6%). Significant relationships were found between the technique of smoking cessation and intent to quit smoking (χ2 = 7,73; p = 0,02) and between smoking cessation and stress induced smoking habits (r = 0,1; p = 0,12). Those not wanting to quit smoking appraised smoking as a social link to others (Z = -2.34; p = 0,02). Conclusion: Besides putting a stronger emphasis on smoking cessation and on negative health effects of smoking, nurse managers should promote working environments where improvement in stress management and collegial relationships will minimize the need for smoke related groups.. ]