[Feeding and eating in infancy and early childhood part III. - Development of self-feeding skills in the large-sample of the “For Healthy Offspring” project INTRODUCTION - After introducing adequate complementary food to the diet of breastfed/formula-fed babies, the frequency and amount of semisolid/solid food is increasing, the breastmilk/formula intake is decreasing and finally the weaning process is completed. During this process the developing feeding skills of the infant enables them to self-feed. The self-feeding infant and toddler should participate in family meals. SUBJECTS AND METHODS - In the Healthy Offspring project self reported questionnaires were received from 1133 parents of 0-3 year old children. Issues concerning the development of self-feeding skills were analyzed. RESULTS - With advancing age the proportion of infants/toddlers, reported to be able to (partially) self-feed, has increased. The age, at which the majority of toddlers (83.1%) were reported to self-feed, was at 13-15 months. By the age over 2 years 57.2% of the toddlers were fully self-feeding, 39.3% were self-feeding with some assistance, and 3.5% were still completely fed by their mother/caregiver. While self-feeding became more prevalent, the proportion of toddlers with feeding problems and insufficient weight gain has increased. With more prevalent complementary feeding more parents assessed their feeding style rather scheduled than on demand. In the whole sample the proportion of infants/toddlers, who ate with the family, was 43.8%. CONCLUSIONS - In our sample, as previously described in the scientific literature, the developmental readiness to self-feed has developed in the majority of infants by the age of 13-15 months. During progres­sion of weaning an increasing proportion of parents thought, that feeding was rather scheduled than on demand. This finding points at the importance of educating parents about the importance of responsive feeding during and after weaning. For self-feeding toddlers, responsive feeding means, that the mother/caregiver offers a choice of healthy and adequate amount of food, at a proper place, at proper times, responds to the hunger and satiety cues of the child and the toddler decides, whether to eat, what and how much to eat.]

[A 15 years old male was operated because of incidentally found intercostal schwannoma. Two years later severe cerebellar ataxy and left sided anacusis developed. MRI revealed bilateral vestibularis tumors and multiple cervical intradural extramedullar myelon compressing lesions. After partial resection of the huge left sided cerebello-pontin tumor, histologically schwannoma, and the exstirpation of the multiple cervical meningiomas the patient died three months later due to septic complications. The 24 years old mother had been operated on similar lesions 12 years earlier, after two weeks postoperative period she died. Her 14 years old twins are living, a boy also with bilateral acustic tumours and a girl who is intact. Genetic investigation revealed C>T nonsense mutation at position 193 in the exon 2 of the NF2 gene. This mutation cause premature truncation of the gene protein and is probably in connection with the clinically severe phenotype. Early diagnosis of this type of neurofibromatosis is mandatory concerning the therapy.]

[The improvement of the Hungarian hospice network and the increasing number of people dealing with the seriously ill are reflected by the annual hospice reports (2001-2013). However these reports also draw the attention to the cumulating mental and spiritual burdens of carers which can lead to fatigue and burnout. On the base of practical experience we surveyed the mental and spiritual condition of the caregivers of seriously ill patients and also reviewed research findings and the professional literature on the exposure to imperilment. The grounds of professional literature’s research were the Hungarian and international databases. We favoured studies published in Hungarian or English between 2000 and 2014 primarily on carers working in palliative and hospice service. One of the main profits of reviewing the professional literature is getting more detailed information on the mental state of professional caregivers. Relatively new element in researches is studying the relation between burnout and compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue. It includes studying of symptoms and coping strategies. These all enable a better understanding of causes and help us to support hospice carers with more effective methods to protect them from mental and spiritual exhaustion.]

[Renovascular hypertension is a well-known form of secunder hypertension. Two thirds of cases are caused by atherosclerotic plaque and one third are caused by fibromuscular dysplasia. The prevalence of it is less than 1%. Digital subtraction angiography is considered the goldstandard diagnostic method. The 58-year old female patient was hospitalized with resistant hypertension. Duplex ultrasonography showed fibromuscular stenosis the in left renal artery. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting were performed. Her blood pressure normalized. The patient did not attend the control examinations. Next time in 2001, she was referred to our emergency department with increased blood pressure of 210/140 mmHg. Following control ultrasonography angiography showed total occlusion of the left renal artery and significant stenosis of the right renal artery. Left nephrectomy was necessary due to shrunken kidney and dilatation and stenting of the right renal artery. The blood pressure normalized again. Since 2004 until 2014 despite of the regular visits, we detected in stent restenosis of the right renal artery almost in each year. Even so, renal function was preserved all the time. In autumn of 2014, the patient suffered severe stroke, and few months later at the age of 74 she died. There are many open questions to discus concerning the right treatment of renovascular hypertension yet. Even so by performing 12 intravascular interventions we could ensure her acceptable quality of life for 16 years.]