[The authors are focusing on a special type of long term psychiatric care taking place in Hungary outside of the conventional mental health care system, by introducing some institutional aspects of the not well known world of so called social homes for psychiatric patients (asylums). After reviewing several caracteristics of institutional development of psychiatric care in Hun­gary based on selected Hungarian and in­ternational historical sources, the main struc­tural data of present Hungarian institutional capacities of psychiatric health and social care services are shown. Finally, the authors based on own personal experiences describe several functional ascpects of the largest existing asylum in EU, a so­cial home for long term care of psychiatric pa­tients. By the beginning of the 20th century, Hungarian psychiatric institutions were operating on an infrastructure of three large mental hospitals standing alone and several psychiatric wards incorporated into hospitals. Nevertheless, at the very first session of the Psychiatrists’ Conference held in 1900 many professionals gave warning: mental institutions were overcrowded and the quality of care provided in psychiatric hospital wards, many of which located in the countryside of Hungary, in most cases was far from what would have been professionally acceptable. The solution was seen in the building of new independent mental hospitals and the introduction of a family nursing institution already established in Western Europe; only the latter measure was implemented in the first half of the 20th century but with great success. However, as a result of the socio-political-economic-ideological turn following the Second World War, the institution of family nursing was dismantled while different types of psychiatric care facilities were developed, such as institutionalised hospital and outpatient care. In the meantime, a new type of institution emerged in the 1950s: the social home for psychiatric pa­tients, which provided care for approximately the same number of chronic psychiatric patients nationwide as the number of functioning hospital beds for acute psychiatric patients. This have not changed significantly since, while so­cial homes for psychiatric patients are perhaps less visible to the professional and lay public nowadays, altough their operational conditions are deteriorating of late years. Data show, that for historical reasons the current sys­tem of inpatient psychiatric care is proportionately arranged between health care and social care institutions; each covering one third. Further research is needed to fully explore and understand the current challenges that the system of psychiatric care social- and health care institu­tions are facing. An in-depth analysis would significantly contribute to the comprehensive improvement of the quality of services and the quality of lives of patients, their relatives and the health- and social care professionals who support them. ]

[BACKGROUND - The anatomy and pathology are the most outstanding field of the medical curriculum. These subjects mean the first practical experiences of dissection. The international literatures results shows that experience of dissection are important stages of becoming physician, but not always problemless. METHODS - Quantative (n=733) and qualitative (n=45) exploratory research among Hungarian medical students. We tried to present the effects and experiences of dissection pratcise using both analytical methods. Validity of the research was greatly improved by using the two methods. RESULTS - 50% of medical students reported that they were affected by dissection practice. The female students and those in clinical training (III-VI.years) reported about negative effects significantly more frequently. The results of the qualitative survey verified that dissection practices have decisive effect during the training and coping with experiences was often difficult especially for females students. CONCLUSIONS - Our research confirmed the hypothesis of dissection experiences play outstanding role in becoming physician. The successful coping isn’t the repression or ignorance of emotion, but understanding and finding effective solutions strategies for the negative emotions of experiences. Managing these experiences are a crucial factor of latter wellbeing of physicians and decisive factor of doctors-patient relationship.]

[The author briefly describes the history of the National Insane Asylum, which opened in Buda in 1868, until its transformation into the National Neurological and Mental Hospital. - In his introduction, he looks back at the backward state of mental health in our country 100 years ago - the urgent need for a national mental hospital, the long negotiations dating back to 1792 - the development of the first hospital and private mental wards - Construction of the National Lunatic Asylum finally began on 20 March 1860 and it was opened on 6 December 1868. The asylum was built in the romantic style on the model of the Viennese and Prague asylums, originally with a capacity of 800 patients. After describing the architecture, technical equipment, etc. of the huge, then modern building, the author describes the modifications which, after a few decades, were required to accommodate and treat the mentally ill in a modern way. -Recalls the medical and administrative care of the institution at that time - lists the directors of the institution in chronological order and, finally, points out, with a few highlights, the modern, large-scale development that took place within the walls of the former National Lunatic Asylum, especially in the 15 years since liberation, up to the time of its rise to the National Institute for the Insane. ]

[At a time when our health care system is about to be renewed, the ETC plenary necessarily addressed the question of the type of system in which domestic medicine and patient care operate, and the place and role of naturopathy, which in previous decades was the only recognised and accepted form of scientific medicine, and which predominantly used only physical procedures and natural substances. This is a question of concern to health professionals and the general public alike, and one that is subject to many extreme views, ignorance and anger. The need to improve the health and health culture of the Hungarian population, the renewal of the health care system and, not least, the prestige of Hungarian medicine and medical science, make it necessary to raise the issue and to reconcile the views of the stakeholders. ]

[BACKGROUND - The anatomy and pathology are the most outstanding field of the medical curriculum. These subjects mean the first practical experiences of dissection. The international literatures results shows that experience of dissection are important stages of becoming physician, but not always problemless. METHODS - Quantative (n=733) and qualitative (n=45) exploratory research among Hungarian medical students. We tried to present the effects and experiences of dissection pratcise using both analytical methods. Validity of the research was greatly improved by using the two methods. RESULTS - 50% of medical students reported that they were affected by dissection practice. The female students and those in clinical training (III-VI.years) reported about negative effects significantly more frequently. The results of the qualitative survey verified that dissection practices have decisive effect during the training and coping with experiences was often difficult especially for females students. CONCLUSIONS - Our research confirmed the hypothesis of dissection experiences play outstanding role in becoming physician. The successful coping isn’t the repression or ignorance of emotion, but understanding and finding effective solutions strategies for the negative emotions of experiences. Managing these experiences are a crucial factor of latter wellbeing of physicians and decisive factor of doctors-patient relationship.]