FARSANG Csaba
NOVEMBER 20, 2011
Lege Artis Medicinae - 2011;21(11)
[The occurrence of hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing. Recognising COPD is important in order to choose the appropriate antihypertensive drugs. Antihypertensive drugs that can be used to treat patients with hypertension and COPD include diuretics, ACE-inhibitors, angiotensine receptor blockers (AT1 receptor antagonists) and calcium antagonists, as well as cardioselective beta blockers, as these drugs decrease total and cardiovascular mortality. Of these agents, the importance of the most cardioselective one, nebivolol should be stressed, as this drug has no clinically significant effect on parameters of respiratory function, and, through its additional effects (namely by increasing the synthesis of NO), it has a beneficial effect on COPD-related deterioration of respiratory functions, haemodynamic alterations (cor pulmonale) and local factors that participate in the respiratory inflammation and endothelial dysfunction.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Tolperisone is a centrally acting muscle relaxant that has both antispasticity and antispasmodic properties, but lacks the sedative effect of other muscle relaxants. In the past 50 years, millions of patients with spasticity due to neurological diseases and painful reflex muscle spasm have been treated with this drug. Although few welldesigned, double blind, controlled clinical trials have been published, the efficacy of tolperisone in the treatment of both spasticity and painful reflex muscle spasm is convincing. The tolerability and safety of the drug are well documented. In this respect, one of its greatest advantages is that it has no sedative effect, does not lengthen reaction time, and does not interfere with driving. Further, well-designed controlled trials are clearly required for widening the use of this excellent drug.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[BACKGROUND - Whereas the scientific literature regarding physical abuse primarily focuses on female victims, few studies have been performed on the childhood abuse of men. The aim of our study was to examine the potential effects of childhood physical abuse of men on adult mental health status. METHODS - Data of 4675 male participants of the Hungarostudy nation-wide representative survey were analyzed. RESULTS - Altogether almost 13% of our study group reported physical abuse by a parent or other significant person. Compared with men who did not report abuse, depression, suicidal thoughts and attempts were significantly more common among abused men. Smoking, alcohol- and drugabuse, anxiety disorders and sleeping disorders also had a higher occurence. Moreover, we established that abused men had a significantly greater risk of marital distress and were more likely to have fewer children. Interpretation of the results in a multivariate model indicated that physical abuse is a determinate and independent risk factor of depression, suicidal thoughts and attempts, smoking habits and alcohol abuse. CONCLUSIONS - Our results underline that childhood physical abuse can have a significant effect on numerous mental disorders and maladaptive behaviours in adulthood. However, the deeper understanding of the relationship between physical abuse and mental disorders necessitates further studies.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
Hypertension and nephrology
[Affective temperaments (cyclothymic, hypertymic, depressive, anxious, irritable) are stable parts of personality and after adolescent only their minor changes are detectable. Their connections with psychopathology is well-described; depressive temperament plays role in major depression, cyclothymic temperament in bipolar II disorder, while hyperthymic temperament in bipolar I disorder. Moreover, scientific data of the last decade suggest, that affective temperaments are also associated with somatic diseases. Cyclothymic temperament is supposed to have the closest connection with hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension is higher parallel with the presence of dominant cyclothymic affective temperament and in this condition the frequency of cardiovascular complications in hypertensive patients was also described to be higher. In chronic hypertensive patients cyclothymic temperament score is positively associated with systolic blood pressure and in women with the earlier development of hypertension. The background of these associations is probably based on the more prevalent presence of common risk factors (smoking, obesity, alcoholism) with more pronounced cyclothymic temperament. The scientific importance of the research of the associations of personality traits including affective temperaments with somatic disorders can help in the identification of higher risk patient subgroups.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[In 60-70% of patients with hypertension, a significant decrease in blood pressure can only be achieved by a combination of antihypertensive drugs. International as well as national guidelines emphasise the numerous advantages and the importance of combination treatment. Fixed combinations are particularly advantageous, as their use improves patients’ compliance. This paper summarises the available information on the possible combinations of the nine major antihypertensive drug groups distributed in Hungary, and for details the results published on the recently approved and introduced fixed combination of telmisartan and amlodipine.]
Hypertension and nephrology
[Percutaneous transluminal radiofrequency renal denervation is a promising new therapeutic method for the treatment of primary resistant hypertension. The intervention decreases the systemic sympathetic over activation and thus arterial blood pressure. In the 1st Department of Medicine of the University of Szeged, 9 resistant hypertensive patients (2 male, 7 female; mean age: 55.0±4.0 years) had all the conditions were required for renal denervation at the time of interventions were performed. We measured the blood pressure together with the heart rate of the patients on the day preceding the intervention, right after the intervention, at discharge from hospital, then at months 6, 9 and 15. The mean blood pressure was 178/107±7/5 mmHg before the intervention. After denervation mean blood pressure decreased right after the intervention, at discharge from hospital, as well as at months 6, 9 and 15, respectively -15/-17 mmHg; -36/-16 mmHg; -19/-9 mmHg; -27/-21 mmHg and -15/- 16 mmHg. Besides decreasing of blood pressure, the antihypertensive drug therapy also decreased, however, it was not the primary aim of the intervention. No denervation- related intra- or perivascular complications were detected. The findings of our study proved the efficacy and safety of renal denervation in the treatment of primary resistant hypertension, of course with an appropriate patient selection. Our study was not relevant to determine whether this method is accompanied with a significant decrease of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Answers may come only based on randomized sham controlled studies with great case numbers.]
Hypertension and nephrology
[Early clinical studies proved that most hypertensive patients (>70%) need drug combinations to reach the target blood pressure. We should combine two or three - sometimes more - drugs from different antihypertensive classes for quicker normalisation of blood pressure and to reduce incidence and severity of hypertensive complications. Several international and Hungarian (MHT 2015) guidelines emphasize the advantages of fix combinations against free combinations. Most frequently used combinations contain ACEi + calcium antagonist, or ACEi + diuretic. From them I will focus on the perindopril + amlodipine or perindopril + indapamide combinations. If we do not reach target blood pressure, triple fix combinations (e.g. perindopril + amlodipine + indapamide) can also be used. Now there are fix combinations of different strengths, therefore we may start the therapy with these fix combinations according to patients’ characteristics (e.g. age, complications, concomitant diseases).]
Hypertension and nephrology
[The most important features of the new European joint hypertension guidelines of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) became available aslectures at the ESH meeting in Barcelona, in 2018 June, while the publication came out in the Journal of Hypertension and also in the European Heart Journal in August, 2018. Based on the published new guidelines I summarise the most important changes concerning cardiovascular risks and target blood pressures.]
1.
Clinical Neuroscience
Alexithymia is associated with cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
Hypertension and nephrology
[Treatment and care of hypertensive patients during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. Possibilities and effectiveness of telemedicine]4.
Hypertension and nephrology
[Post-career development of cardiometabolic changes and hypertension in competitive athletes]5.
COMMENTS
0 comments