[Authors had found diabetes mellitus type 2 in 30% of 38 886 hypertensive patients (stadium I-III). Diabetes was more frequent in case of women under 30 years. Subsequently all age groups (from 40 to 80 years) incidence was more frequently (p<0.01-0.001) in men, above 80 years again a higher ratio was in women. Presence of diabetes was correlated to rate of BMI value and systolic, diastolic pressure as well. In women - above 140 mmHg systolic pressure - the elevation was exponential. We have found a significant correlation between fasting glucose and waist. Reaching the target blood pressure is not a simply task in hypertensive patients with diabetes. The 140/90 mmHg was reached in 34.2%, 90 mmHg diastolic blood pressure in 62.3%, but the required 80 mmHg only in 16.4% of cases. Achieve the target value was quite different in the different region of our country. The major cardiovascular complications (stroke, renal disease, myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease) have suffered a higher rate in the hypertensives with diabetes compered to hypertensives without diabetes.]

[Recently, lixisenatide, a new incretin mimetic GLP-1-receptor agonist with a mainly prandial effect has been registered for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The amino acid sequence of lixisenatide and that of human native GLP-1 is 50% identical. Due to its altered amino acid sequence and conformation, lixisenatide is resistant to inactivation by DPP-4. Lixisenatide is a specific agonist of GLP-1- receptors and its binding has a pharmacologic GLP-1-agonist effect. Lixisenatide is used subcutaneously, its normal daily dose is 1×20 μg. It is mostly used in combination with metformin, but it can be also used to supplement sulfanylurea or basal insulin therapy. Clinical efficiency of lixisenatide has been investigated in the phase-III GetGoal trials. In these trials, adequate glycaemic control and a marked decrease in postprandial blood glucose values were observed. During lixisenatide therapy, a decrease in body weight and no substantial increase in the risk of hypoglycaemia were observed, whereas transient gastrointestinal side effects might occur after initiation of treatment. Lixisenatide as an add-on treatment to basal insulin should be considered as a new treatment approach in the management of type 2 diabetes.]

[Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, progressive disease, characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose, can lead to many complications and can increase the overall risk of early disability and dying prematurely. The newest guidelines on management of patients with diabetes mellitus give a full description of diagnostic criteria, prevention, lifestyle and pharmacological treatment, complications, age-related characteristics. However, in everyday care of patients with diabetes mellitus little attention is paid to severity of anatomical and functional impairment related to disease, how and in what extent those limit everyday activities, restricts filling the social role, the importance of interrelationship of a human being and environment, to personal factors. The aims of this publication is: to present how diabetes mellitus influences the entirety, the “whole”-ness of a human; to show tools of objective estimation of impairments and changes of functionality; to call attention to importance of development of residual abilities, of shaping supportive environment, of assessment of needs, of positive influences of personal characteristics; to demonstrate how all these measures improve quality of life and compliance of patient with diabetes mellitus. The holistic approach of “human’s whole-ness” can contribute to success of preventive, curative and rehabilitative measures in patients with diabetes mellitus.]

[The prognosis of patients with diabetes mellitus is mainly influenced by vascular complications which is partly due to the deterioration of the microcirculation. Laser Doppler flowmetry is a suitable method to investigate the complex disturbance that characteristic for diabetic microcirculation. This review gives a summary of the anatomical, physiological and theoretical backgrounds and the possibilities in diagnosis given by Laser Doppler flowmetry.]

[The stages of abnormal albuminuria are microand macroalbuminuria. The isolated abnormal albuminuria is a special form of proteinuria. For the detection of abnormal albuminuria one can use immunological or liquid chromatographic methods. The latter seems to be more appropriate than the immunological methods for the measurement of albuminuria in normo- and microalbuminuric diabetic patients. In diabetes mellitus, the circulating glycated and oxidized albumin is degraded and eliminated in the kidney. Decrease of the glomerular filtration rate is a valuable measure of renal insufficiency and this loss of kidney function is followed by the decrease of albuminuria as a sign of the glomerular closure. Albuminuria is an important cardiovascular risk factor and the decrease of the abnormal albuminuria is associated with a diminishing cardiovascular risk. Thus, albuminuria is a cardiovascular therapeutic target, as well. Therefore, the major points of the management of diabetic albuminuria are the achievement of euglycaemia, the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers.]