[INTRODUCTION - Type 2 diabetes mellitus is known to represent a major cardiovascular risk. In type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dislipidemy are often also present, increasing the vascular risk. In this case the use of both antihypertensive and lipid lowering therapies is needed. In our CASE REPORT, we discuss the data of a 43 years old diabetic man with BMI: 29.4 kg/m2, waist circumference of 101 cm, who had recently diagnosed hypertension and was given single pill amlodipine/ atorvastatine in addition to his original ACEI therapy. At the initiation of the therapy the mean blood pressure - measured during ABPM was 149/91 ± 14.99 Hgmm, his total cholesterol: 4.18 mmol/l, HDL cholesterol: 0.82 mmol/l, LDL cholesterol: 2.41 mmol/l, and triglicerid: 4.09 mmol/l. Three months later the results were the following: mean blood pressure: 121.66/ 82.79 ± 8.21 Hgmm, total cholesterol: 3.47 mmol/l, HDL cholesterol: 1.08 mmol/l, LDL cholesterol: 1.98 mmol/l, triglicerid: 1.44 mmol/l. There were no side effects. Using the therapy among several other diabetic patients we observed similar efficacy and tolerability, and the adherence of the patients was perfect. DISCUSSION - In type 2 diabetes the use of the fix combination of amlodipin/atorvastatin in addition to previous ACEI therapy is effective, well tolerated, and the long term compliance proves to be good.]

[An important aim of diabetologists is prescribing modern antidiabetic drugs with not only glucose lowering but also an insulin sensitivity increasing property with weight loss without hypoglycaemic episodes and with positive effects on the pancreatic β-cells. A selective inhibition of the renal sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 protein leads to glucosuria, reduces HbA1c and body weight without hypoglycaemias. This benefits can also moderate the cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. At the moment this molecules are under examination in different phase clinical studies. It seems that the first drug from this group for the clinical use will be the molecule dapagliflozin. The main side effect may be a vulvovaginal mycotic infection.]

[During the past years several new oral antidiabetic agents have become available and more new drugs of this type are expected to appear on the market. New products appeared in both groups of insulin sensitizers and insulin secretagogues. Modern insulin secretagogues are characterized by immediate and short action. As a consequence, insulin secretion will approach the physiological secretory pattern. The rapid, short-term insulin output prevents the abnormal increase of postprandial glucose level and - at the same time - the danger of late hypoglycemia will decrease. The combination of insulin sensitizers with the new insulin secretagogues provides the possibility to apply the basisbolus therapeutical principle to type 2 diabetic patients treated with oral agents.]

[Type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome are important risk factors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Both diseases present with a similar set of metabolic disturbances including hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and obesity. Therefore, their nonpharmacological treatment is based on similar principles. Medical nutritional therapy aims to promote moderate weight loss through decreased energy intake, and to correct metabolic disturbances by ensuring appropriate composition of micro- and macronutrients. In a healthy diet, carbohydrates and cis-fatty acids make up approximately 60 to 70% of total energy intake. It is important to reduce the intake of saturated fatty acids and trans-fatty acids. The consumption of foods with low glycaemic index may be beneficial for diabetic patients. The increase of physical activity (both aerob and resistance exercise) is useful in maintaining weight loss, and it also improves blood lipid levels and blood pressure. Abandonment of smoking results in significant cardiovascular risk reduction. Lifestyle changes should include all of the above factors in order to achieve most reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome.]

[Diabetes and depression are frequent comorbidities. They are a heavy burden by themselves, however, as comorbidities increase additionally the number of diabetes-related complications, morbidity, and mortality. In the background of interrelations, there are both well-known and hypothetical mechanisms. The aim of the present review is to outline these interrelations between antidepressants and diabetes and to discuss the effect of medications on carbohydrate metabolism respectively. Anti­depressant treatment on the one hand may improve mood, cognitive function and medication adherence leading to an improved glucose metabolism, on the other hand through their metabolic side effects, they may worsen carbohydrate metabolism. Concerning metabolic side effects, selec­tive serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the sa­fest, while tricyclic antidepressants and mo­noamine oxidase inhibitors should be administered under close monitoring. Se­rotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors may deteriorate gly­cae­mic control via increased noradre­nergic activation. Novel antidepressants, how­ever, have a neutral or positive impact on gly­caemic measures. Screening for and temporally adjusted treatment of depres­sion may decrease the risk of comorbidities ge­nerated complications. While caring for diabetic patients with depression, one should consider metabolic side effects of antidepressants and close monitoring of carbohydrate metabolism.]