[The Effects of Blood Pressure Reduction on Intracranial and Extracranial Hemorrhages in Antithrombotic Therapy Patients: the PROGRESS Study]
VÁRALLYAY Zoltán
SEPTEMBER 20, 2014
Hypertension and nephrology - 2014;18(03-04)
VÁRALLYAY Zoltán
SEPTEMBER 20, 2014
Hypertension and nephrology - 2014;18(03-04)
Hypertension and nephrology
[Recently we have in vivo visualized glomerular filtration and fluid flow from the JGA portion of afferent arteriole into JGA using intravital multiphoton microscopy. Fluorescence of the extracellular fluid marker lucifer yellow appeared in the interstitium around the distal portion of afferent arteriole before the filtration into Bowman's capsule. In isolated microperfused JGA we demonstrated fluid movement from the glomerulus into the MD tubule. All these prove that there is a significant and dynamic fluid flow exists in the JGA. Angiotensin II similar to VEGF plays a role in regulation of permeability/fenestration formation. Angiotensin II acts through AT1 receptor and PV-1 protein synthesis.]
Hypertension and nephrology
[Myofibroblasts are the main effector cells of tissue fibrosis in chronic kidney disease. These cells are the main source of collagen rich extracellular matrix in the fibrous tissue. Recent hypotheses suggest that pericytes are the major progenitors of myofibroblasts. Platelet derived growth factor, transforming growth factor β and Wingless/Int signaling pathways play important role in pericyte activation. There are experimental evidences that blocking this pathways inhibits tissue fibrosis, therefore they might be targets for the development of antifibrotic drugs in the future.]
Hypertension and nephrology
[Hantaviruses are widespread infectious agents carried by different rodent species. The majority of them belongs to viral zoonotic pathogens, sometimes causing severe human infections. Hantaviruses inflict hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Eurasia and supposedly in Africa, and hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome in the Americas. The relationship between the virus and its host species is a result of a several million year co-evolution. Although virus replication is most intense in the infected rodents' lungs, these animals do not develop disease, instead they carry and spread the pathogens throughout their lifetime by body fluids. In the majority of infections, the virus gets into the human body by vaporization of rodent body fluids or by direct contact. In Europe, Puumala (PUUV) and Dobrava-Belgrade (DOBV) hantaviruses are the most abundant hantaviral infectious agents. There are numerous studies described the presence of different genotipes of hantaviruses circulating in Hungary. Although the number of clinical and epidemiolgical studies are limited, the medical importance - especially in a high risk population - of these viruses are unqustionable. There are a variety of methods to identify hantaviral infections. Molecular biological methods (RT-PCR) - also enabling genotyping - and virus neutralization tests proved to be the most reliable tools. The latter technique requires virus culturing, which can only be carried out in high-containment laboratories.]
Hypertension and nephrology
[The author summarizes knowledge about Reynolds risk assessment system based on data of references and own experiences. The first part of article is about how the results of study of pathogenesis of atherosclerosis were converted into new risk assessment systems. One result of this process is the Reynolds system wich is consisted of traditional riks factors, high sensitive C-reactive protein and the patients’ family medical history. He demonstrates essence of Reynolds system and process of it’s validity. The author deals with comparison of Reynolds system with other traditional risk assessment systems. The practical issues of application of Reynolds system are detailed in the conclusion of the article.]
Hypertension and nephrology
Although vertigo is one of the most common complaints, intracranial malignant tumors rarely cause sudden asymmetry between the tone of the vestibular peripheries masquerading as a peripheral-like disorder. Here we report a case of simultaneous temporal bone infiltrating macro-metastasis and disseminated multi-organ micro-metastases presenting as acute unilateral vestibular syndrome, due to the reawakening of a primary gastric signet ring cell carcinoma. Purpose – Our objective was to identify those pathophysiological steps that may explain the complex process of tumor reawakening, dissemination. The possible causes of vestibular asymmetry were also traced. A 56-year-old male patient’s interdisciplinary medical data had been retrospectively analyzed. Original clinical and pathological results have been collected and thoroughly reevaluated, then new histological staining and immunohistochemistry methods have been added to the diagnostic pool. During the autopsy the cerebrum and cerebellum was edematous. The apex of the left petrous bone was infiltrated and destructed by a tumor mass of 2x2 cm in size. Histological reexamination of the original gastric resection specimen slides revealed focal submucosal tumorous infiltration with a vascular invasion. By immunohistochemistry mainly single infiltrating tumor cells were observed with Cytokeratin 7 and Vimentin positivity and partial loss of E-cadherin staining. The subsequent histological examination of necropsy tissue specimens confirmed the disseminated, multi-organ microscopic tumorous invasion. Discussion – It has been recently reported that the expression of Vimentin and the loss of E-cadherin is significantly associated with advanced stage, lymph node metastasis, vascular and neural invasion and undifferentiated type with p<0.05 significance. As our patient was middle aged and had no immune-deficiency, the promoting factor of the reawakening of the primary GC malignant disease after a 9-year-long period of dormancy remained undiscovered. The organ-specific tropism explained by the “seed and soil” theory was unexpected, due to rare occurrence of gastric cancer to metastasize in the meninges given that only a minority of these cells would be capable of crossing the blood brain barrier. Patients with past malignancies and new onset of neurological symptoms should alert the physician to central nervous system involvement, and the appropriate, targeted diagnostic and therapeutic work-up should be established immediately. Targeted staining with specific antibodies is recommended. Recent studies on cell lines indicate that metformin strongly inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer cells. Therefore, further studies need to be performed on cases positive for epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Clinical Neuroscience
Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Alexithymia is a still poorly understood neuropsychiatric feature of PD. Cognitive impairment (especially visuospatial dysfunction and executive dysfunction) and alexithymia share common pathology of neuroanatomical structures. We hypothesized that there must be a correlation between CD and alexithymia levels considering this relationship of neuroanatomy. Objective – The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between alexithymia and neurocognitive function in patients with PD. Thirty-five patients with PD were included in this study. The Toronto Alexithymia Scale–20 (TAS-20), Geriatric Depression Inventory (GDI) and a detailed neuropsychological evaluation were performed. Higher TAS-20 scores were negatively correlated with Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) similarities test score (r =-0.71, p value 0.02), clock drawing test (CDT) scores (r=-0.72, p=0.02) and verbal fluency (VF) (r=-0.77, p<0.01). Difficulty identifying feelings subscale score was negatively correlated with CDT scores (r=-0.74, p=0.02), VF scores (r=-0.66, p=0.04), visual memory immediate recall (r=-0.74, p=0.01). VF scores were also correlated with difficulty describing feelings (DDF) scores (r=-0.66, p=0.04). There was a reverse relationship between WAIS similarities and DDF scores (r=-0.70, p=0.02), and externally oriented-thinking (r=-0.77,p<0.01). Executive function Z score was correlated with the mean TAS-20 score (r=-62, p=0.03) and DDF subscale score (r=-0.70, p=0.01) Alexithymia was found to be associated with poorer performance on visuospatial and executive function test results. We also found that alexithymia was significantly correlated with depressive symptoms. Presence of alexithymia should therefore warn the clinicians for co-existing CD.
Hypertension and nephrology
[This consensus document is intended to provide guidance for the effective and efficient treatment of asymptomatic individuals with high uric acid levels and gout patients.]
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Clinical Neuroscience
Alexithymia is associated with cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease3.
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Journal of Nursing Theory and Practice
[Examination of the Strength of Core- and Perineal Muscles in Case of Different Movements]2.
Journal of Nursing Theory and Practice
[Examination of Parental Treatment among Outgoing Ambulance Workers]3.
Journal of Nursing Theory and Practice
[BLS Quality Assessment – The Effectiveness of Telephone Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Instruction]4.
Journal of Nursing Theory and Practice
[The History of the Founding of the first State School of Nursing ]5.
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