[With the new era of the medicaments, erectile dysfunction has become of great interest among sexual problems. Earlier, psychogenic origin was thought to be the main background, but today vasculogenetic reasons are have become equally important factors. Experimental data and clinical investigations demonstrate that erectile dysfunction is part and consequence of the same vascular process which is observed in aging and in atherosclerotic processes of the well-known arterial localisations (coronary arteries, cerebral arteries etc.). It was also common previously to associate erectile dysfunction with obliterative atherosclerotic disease but today endothel dysfunction, vascular remodelling and atherosclerosis are thought to be main pathogenetic factors affecting the whole arterial vascular system causing erectile dysfunction. Classic risk factors can also be observed in these patients, such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, smoking and diabetes. Neurogenic factors are also involved in the development of erectile dysfunction. Based on this, erectile dysfunction is considered as the predictor of cardiovascular diseases preceding the general manifestation of the disease by 2-3 years.]

[In this review current knowledge related to the coronary atherosclerosis and angiotensin-enzym inhibitor is discussed. The earlier recognition to the effect of ACE inhibitors and ARBs to slow or reverse left ventricular remodelling is well known and accepted but the effect of these drugs on the atherosclerotic process itself may be aqual important. The focus should be now how to treat the early phase of coronary atherosclerosis, how to treat safety the hypertensive patient in the setting of coronary stenosis, how to treat the acute myocardial infarction’s patient with renal failure, and at least how to improve the long-time adherence in the primer and secunder prevention too.]

[The incidence of coronary heart disease in women rises sharply in the years following menopause. Hormone replacement therapy involves the administration of oestrogen, which provides postmenopausal symptom relief and reverses the changes in calcium and lipid metabolism. Moreover, oestrogen is also postulated to engage multiple mechanisms that defend against hypertension. Early observations suggested that postmenopausal women treated with hormone replacement therapy have significantly reduced cardiovascular risk. However, the results of primary and secondary prevention randomized clinical trials confirmed an increased cardiovascular risk rather than a beneficial effect of hormone replacement therapy in highrisk women. Controversy between results of observational and randomized clinical trials may partly be due to the unexplored genetic background. The authors summarize the effects of oestrogen on lipids, inflammation, haemostatic parameters, blood pressure and vascular wall. Genetic factors that modulate the effect of oestrogen as well as current recommendations on hormone replacement therapy after menopause in high risk women are also presented.]

[The main role of atherogenic dyslipidemia is known for decades. Several studies have proven the beneficial effect of statin therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The following case report demonstrates the efficacy of high dose statin therapy regarding lipid goals and clinical signs. The presented 65 year-old female patient had a history of dyslipidemia and hypertension for over 15 years and positive cardiovascular family history. Carotid ultrasound examination showed 15-20% bilateral stenosis in 2008 whereas four years later, control ultrasound showed significant progression with 65% left-sided asymptomatic stenosis. At this time, LDL-cholesterol level was above the target; we managed to reach the recommended level with high-dose statin treatment in combination therapy with ezetimibe. Besides the lipid levels, regression of the carotid stenosis could be observed without statin-associated side effects.]

[Assessment of early atherosclerosis and decreased arterial elasticity to recognise the cardiovascular dysfunction in high-risk patients has gained importance in the past decade. Since 1990, more than 630 papers have been published in the adult and pediatric literature. Methods of early risk assessment in adults are well determined in international recommendations. The aim of the present work is to review the suggestions of the American Heart Association helping us to find the most appropriate method for the non invasive methods of cardiovascular assessment of young adults and children. Furthermore, multicentric studies should be conducted to create a Framingham like score system for pediatric patients, to render cardiovascular risk assessment much easier for the every day routine.]