[News of the Hungarian Society of Hypertension]
DECEMBER 08, 2012
Hypertension and nephrology - 2012;16(05)
DECEMBER 08, 2012
Hypertension and nephrology - 2012;16(05)
Hypertension and nephrology
[The number of patients with chronic renal disease is growing steadily over the past decade. The reason for this is the increasing number of patients developing diabetes mellitus and hypertension, diseases that have common complication of chronic kidney disease. There is evidence that in chronic kidney disease or end-stage renal disease high blood pressure is more common which has a very complex management. Renal patients were able to participate in a small number of clinical studies, so the evidence base of antihypertensive therapy from these studies is limited. Therefore professional guidelines made with thumbnail analysis are very important, which now appeared as the KDIGO recommendations in November 2012. The author of this quick presentation of the practice undertook to summarize the important messages of this paper.]
Hypertension and nephrology
[The significant increase of the splanchnic ectopic fat, the disturbance of carbohidrate metabolism, atherogenic dyslipidemia and high blood pressure creates the syndrome so called deadly quartet. These components promote the early appearance of cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, etc.) as well as the enormous growth of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was thought, that the ectopic fat is the only background of the syndrome and the insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia as well as the disruption of associated endocrine regulatory balance system and elevated sympathetic drive explain jointly the clinical events. We now know that cytokines released by ectopic fat issue (CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 etc.) launch processes in our organism, which contribute to the development of vascular remodelling, endothelial dysfunction and in the end to that of atherothrombotic processes. The diagnostic criteria of the syndrome were changed continuously parallel growing theoretical knowledge till 2009, when on the Harmony Conference the important components of the syndrome were accepted, but some laboratory and other parameters do not enter into everyday praxis.]
Hypertension and nephrology
[Hypertension is an important risk factor of chronic kidney disease (CKD) however CKD can cause hypertension. Untreated CKD may result in renal failure. Hypertension and CKD are important cardiovascular risk factors. Several mechanisms play role in the worsening of renal function. The main pathogenetic factor is the increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system (RAAS) that can result in glomerulosclerosis, destroy of nephrons and proteinuria. In the treatment of hypertension in CKD patients inhibiting RAAS is very important because ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers provide efficient control not only of blood pressure, but also of proteinuria, an effect associated with improved long-term nephroprotection. Between ACE-inhibitors ramipril has proved nephro- and cardiovascular protection effect. Fix combination therapy of ramipril with amlodipine has a very pronounced blood pressure lowering effect and can improve patient compliance too.]
Hypertension and nephrology
[In the everyday clinical practice the main objectives are the accurate establishment of the diagnosis and evidence based treatment of diagnosed disease. Besides the accustomed, rigorously medical, simplifying aspect, the bio-psycho- social approach is gaining an increasing importance. The objective of the article is, taking modern definition of health into account, emphasizing the importance of a new approach in the complex management of patients, having primary hypertension, a disease, impairing not only target organs, as well as the whole person, seriously influencing the health status of the affected person. In the management of a hypertensive patient, besides decreasing blood pressure, preventing and treating target organ complications and coexisting diseases, we should assess the whole person impairment, the effects of environmental and personal factors, and their influence on activities of daily living and participation in the life of the society, consequently, the changes in health status. This complex approach permits alone the more complete restoration of health of an affected person.]
Hypertension and nephrology
[Recurring urinary tract infections (UTI) in childhood may result in chronic- and end-stage-renal-disease (ESRD), which leads to the initiation of dialysis and renal transplantation (NTx). Heat shock protein (HSP) 72 protects the kidney, whereas it refolds destroyed proteins and cells, and helps regenerating the renal tissue. The HSPA1B (1267)G allele is associated with lower HSP72 expression. This study assesses the role of HSPA1B A(1267)G polymorphism using PCR-RFLP in 103 children treated because of recurrent UTI, 26 children after NTx and 235 healthy controls. Clinical data were also evaluated. HSPA1B (1267)GG genotype and HSPA1B (1267)G allele occurred more frequently in the UTI (p=0.0001; CI: 1.378-2.68) and in the NTx (p=0.014; CI: 2.29-187.7) patient group than in the controls group, and were associated with a higher risk for scarring (p=0.012; CI: 0.33-1.00) and renal malformation (p=0.0072; CI: 1.623- 140.6). Our data indicate a relationship between the carrier status of HSPA1B (1267)G allele and the development of recurrent UTI and ESRD, raising further questions about the clinical and therapeutic relevance of these polymorphism.]
Clinical Neuroscience
In aging societies, the morbidity and mortality of dementia is increasing at a significant rate, thereby imposing burden on healthcare, economy and the society as well. Patients’ and caregivers’ quality of life and life expectancy are greatly determined by the early diagnosis and the initiation of available symptomatic treatments. Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine have been the cornerstones of Alzheimer’s therapy for approximately two decades and over the years, more and more experience has been gained on their use in non-Alzheimer’s dementias too. The aim of our work was to provide a comprehensive summary about the use of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine for the treatment of Alzheimer’s and non-Alzheimers’s dementias.
Clinical Neuroscience
[The well-known gap between stroke mortality of Eastern and Western European countries may reflect the effect of socioeconomic differences. Such a gap may be present between neighborhoods of different wealth within one city. We set forth to compare age distribution, incidence, case fatality, mortality, and risk factor profile of stroke patients of the poorest (District 8) and wealthiest (District 12) districts of Budapest. We synthesize the results of our former comparative epidemiological investigations focusing on the association of socioeconomic background and features of stroke in two districts of the capital city of Hungary. The “Budapest District 8–12 project” pointed out the younger age of stroke patients of the poorer district, and established that the prevalence of smoking, alcohol-consumption, and untreated hypertension is also higher in District 8. The “Six Years in Two Districts” project involving 4779 patients with a 10-year follow-up revealed higher incidence, case fatality and mortality of stroke in the less wealthy district. The younger patients of the poorer region show higher risk-factor prevalence, die younger and their fatality grows faster during long-term follow-up. The higher prevalence of risk factors and the higher fatality of the younger age groups in the socioeconomically deprived district reflect the higher vulnerability of the population in District 8. The missing link between poverty and stroke outcome seems to be lifestyle risk-factors and lack of adherence to primary preventive efforts. Public health campaigns on stroke prevention should focus on the young generation of socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods. ]
Clinical Neuroscience
[In this paper we present the Comprehensive Aphasia Test-Hungarian (CAT-H; Zakariás and Lukács, in preparation), an assessment tool newly adapted to Hungarian, currently under standardisation. The test is suitable for the assessment of an acquired language disorder, post-stroke aphasia. The aims of this paper are to present 1) the main characteristics of the test, its areas of application, and the process of the Hungarian adaptation and standardisation, 2) the first results from a sample of Hungarian people with aphasia and healthy controls. Ninety-nine people with aphasia, mostly with unilateral, left hemisphere stroke, and 19 neurologically intact control participants were administered the CAT-H. In addition, we developed a questionnaire assessing demographic and clinical information. The CAT-H consists of two parts, a Cognitive Screening Test and a Language Test. People with aphasia performed significantly worse than the control group in all language and almost all cognitive subtests of the CAT-H. Consistent with our expectations, the control group performed close to ceiling in all subtests, whereas people with aphasia exhibited great individual variability both in the language and the cognitive subtests. In addition, we found that age, time post-onset, and type of stroke were associated with cognitive and linguistic abilities measured by the CAT-H. Our results and our experiences clearly show that the CAT-H provides a comprehensive profile of a person’s impaired and intact language abilities and can be used to monitor language recovery as well as to screen for basic cognitive deficits in aphasia. We hope that the CAT-H will be a unique resource for rehabilitation professionals and aphasia researchers in aphasia assessment and diagnostics in Hungary. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Invasive investigations show that in two-thirds of patients the myocardial ischaemia persists without obstructive coronary disease and any other heart conditions (INOCA). The underlying cause may be microvascular dysfunction (CMD) with consecutive microvascular coronary disease (MVD) and microvascular or epicardial vasospastic angina (MVA). The modern practice of clinical cardiology while using the developed non-invasive cardiac imaging permits exact measuring of the coronary flow with its characteristic indices. All of these improve the diagnosing of CMD-induced myocardial ischemia and provide opportunity to determine primary MVD cases. Since the recognition and treatment of MVD is significantly underrepresented in the Hungarian medical care, the primary stable microvascular angina (MVA) is described in detail below with its modern invasive and non-invasive differential diagnosis and treatment, concerning especially its frequency provoked by high blood pressure and female coronary heart diseases. There are highlighted all recommended diagnostic procedures available under domestic conditions.]
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