Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a rare alcohol-associated disorder characterized by demyelination and necrosis of the corpus callosum. We report three patients who had history of chronic alcoholism, different clinical presentation and MRI findings consistent with the diagnosis of Marchiafava-Bignami disease.

[Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are characterized by remarkable variability in their differentiation potential. They are defined by their expression of KIT (CD117), a tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor. The expression of KIT is important to distinguish gastrointestinal stromal tumors with immunohistochemically method from other mesenchymal neoplasms such as leiomyomas, leiomyosarcomas, leiomyoblastomas and schwannomas. Pathologically proved gastrointestinal stromal tumors are appropriate KIT-inhibitor therapy. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors arise with variable frequency throughout the gastrointestinal tract, they most frequently occur in the stomach (40-70%), followed by the small intestine (20-30%), colorectum (5- 15%) and esophagus (<5%). The most gastrointestinal stromal tumors arise within the muscularis propria, they most commonly have an exophytic growth pattern and manifest as dominant extraluminal masses. Radiologic features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors vary depending of tumor size and organ of origin. They are characteristically well circumscribed, sharply defined and have hemorrhage, necrosis or cyst formation. The radiologic features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors are often distinct from those of epithelial tumors. There are no specific radiologic features to separate gastrointestinal stromal tumors from other mesenchymal tumors, yet.]

[Our aim is to review the radiologic literature of lung cancer of 2004 and some remarkable publications from 2003. There are three main groups in the recent publications dealing with lung cancer’s radiology. The first group comprises those reviews and metaanalyses which focus on the overall utility and reliability of routinely applied modalities such as CT and MRI. In the second group we find original articles reporting on the experience with new modalities. This group is dominated by publications dealing with positron emission tomography and the first clinical results of combined PET-CT technology. In the third part we review those articles dealing with lung cancer screening. Radiological lung cancer screening is in the focus of interest again, mainly due to the introduction of low-dose CT which is undoubtadly the most sensitive radiological modality for the early detection of lesions, however, its clinical utility is debated. The papers referred are basically sceptic, but this is not the end, because controlled long term follow-up studies are still in progress. Part of the publications report on the first clinical results of new methods, while others give valuable additional data regarding the performance of “well established” radiological modalities.]

[INTRODUCTION - The number of Caesarean sections has been dramatically increasing worldwide, and also in Hungary in the last decade. In case of pregnancy following a preliminary Caesarean section it is always questioned if repeated Caesarean section or vaginal birth is required. The authors try to draw a conclusion from the thickness and the structure of the uterinal scar. The aim of the current study is to assess the additional role of uterinal MR examination undertaken between two births. PATIENTS AND METHODS - During our retrospective preliminary study T2 weighted sagittal images of uterinal MR examinations of 13 female patients were analysed. The presence of scar line was evaluated for thickness (millimetres, mm). This measurement was compared with the surgical report following consequent Caesarean section. Thus, a correlation was made between the surgical scar found at the repeated Caesarean section and the structure of the uterine scar seen by MR examination (between two births) which could play a role in the indication of the next birth. RESULTS - Three of our 13 patients gave birth via vagina (VBAC), and 10 via repeated Caesarean sections. According to the descriptions of the surgical scar the scars thinned out in six cases, whereas they made thickness in four. According to the appearance of the place of incision the scar was homogeneous and hypointens in nine cases, and inhomogeneous but basically hypointense in one case. According to the description of surgery in the MR examination the thinned out scar was thinner than 6 mm in 4 cases, and thicker than 6 mm in two cases. According to the description of surgery in the MR examination the nonthinned out scar was thinner than 6 mm in three cases, and thicker than 6 mm in one case. In two patients of three who gave birth via vagina the scar was thicker than 6 mm in the MR examination, and thinner than 6 mm in one case, the MR appearance of the scar was homogeneous and hypointens in two cases and complied with the original zonal anatomy in one case. CONCLUSION - In case repeated Caesarean section is not necessary from the aspect of the foetus or the mother, uterinal MR examination is of an additional significance in the complex indication of birth following a previous Caesarean section. The thickness, structure and signal intensity of the uterinal scar may provide a useful additional information.]

[The powerful union of focused ultrasound surgery and magnetic resonance imaging has created a new approach to noninvasive surgery. Using this integrated therapy delivery system the physician can achieve correct localisation of tumors, optimal targeting of acoustic energy, real time monitoring of energy deposition, and the means to accurately control the deposited thermal dose within the entire tumor volume. The advantages of MRI over ultrasound guidance in controlling focused ultrasound surgery lie in the more sensitive detection of tumor target, the real time detection of tissue temperature, and the confirmation of thermally-induced tissue changes - powerful features that eventually can replace the traditional surgical approach. Applying software that connects the therapy and imaging system, the physician can generate an entire plan from quantifying temperature changes to positioning the therapy transducer. The non-invasive debulking of tumors without disturbing adjacent, functionally intact structures is thereby accomplished. Ongoing clinical trials involving the treatment of breast fibroadenoma, localized breast cancers, and uterine fibroids have been most encouraging. But nowhere has the application of MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery been more compelling than in brain, where not only tumor treatment is possible but also the focal, transient, reversible breakdown of the blood-brain-barrier. The implications of this mechanism for targeted intra-cerebral tumor therapy or other non-oncologic applications are clearly enormous. In addition to tumor treatment, MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery has other potential clinical applications such as vascular occlusion, targeted drug delivery, and targeted gene therapy. FUS is not a new idea but the emergence of MRI based guidance has accelerated the progres of focused ultrasound surgery technology, certain weaknesses remain including excessively long treatment times, body and organ motion, and difficulties in finding acoustic windows at certain anatomic locations. Nevertheless, the successful clinical implementations of this method is already in progress.]