[The possibilities of CT and MR imaging in hydrocarbon research]
BOGNER Péter, FÖLDES Tamás, ZÁVODA Ferenc, REPA Imre
OCTOBER 20, 2003
Hungarian Radiology - 2003;77(05)
BOGNER Péter, FÖLDES Tamás, ZÁVODA Ferenc, REPA Imre
OCTOBER 20, 2003
Hungarian Radiology - 2003;77(05)
[INTRODUCTION - Cross-sectional medical imaging techniques were applied on geological samples (cores) in order to reveal their morphological and functional properties. Our aim was to reveal those CT and MRI methods that are capable to characterize certain petrophysical parameters and can be correlated with core morphology. MATERIALS AND METHODS - Similarly to pre- and postcontrast scanning in human diagnostic imaging CT scans of core samples were obtained in dry and flooded state, that helped to define and calculate morphological and functional parameters. Several MRI sequences were also tested, mainly spin-echos with short echo time. RESULTS - Several hundred meters of core samples have been examined in the last three years. Effective porosity can be calculated from CT data, that characterizes oil/gas storage capacity of the given geological formation. CT information is superior to conventional petrophysical methods due to its spatial resolution. Nevertheless, we can not quantify permeabilty yet, but describe it qualitatively. We found only limited use of medical MR imaging methods. DISCUSSION - Cross-sectional imaging, primarily CT scanning was introduced to the Hungarian oil and gas industry in the last three years. It seems that the method will be used more and more frequently through the entire process of oil/gas exploitation. Our further goals include the implementation of the CT measurements in other areas like environment control, and further develope measurement conditions.]
Hungarian Radiology
Hungarian Radiology
Hungarian Radiology
[Introduction of the small size, portable ultrasound machines opened new opportunities in ultrasound imaging. The optimal application of these equipments and the new problems related to the use are widely discussed in the literature. This brief review summarizes the advantages, main indication and limitations of the method. The single most important aspect for the patient is that emergency ultrasound examination should be available regardless of the profession of the doctors. The most difficult question is how to provide and control an optimal education and training for the doctors. Possible solutions are also discussed. It is predictable that the availablity of the portable ultrasound studies will significantly increase the number of examinations, therefore economical consequences must also be considered. The author disagree with the conception, which states that ultrasound machine can be used as a stetoscop in the doctor's pocket.]
Clinical Neuroscience
[Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are relatively rare in children, but their relevance to public health is considerable due to frequent and significant long term morbidity and even mortality. As in adults, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and multiple sclerosis (MS) and their variants are the most common entities in this group of pathologies in the pediatric patient population. Recent efforts have focused on establishing standardized diagnostic criteria schemes to facilitate the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these diseases, however especially with multiple sclerosis those have not been fully validated yet for disease occurring in children. In recent decades the role of MRI has been constantly increasing in the diagnostic work-up of suspected inflammatory diseases of the CNS as well as in the follow-up of patients with confirmed disease. Currently, MRI is the first-line diagnostic imaging modality in ADEM and MS and is fully integrated in the most widely used diagnostic criteria schemes, but it has a key role in clinical therapeutic research trials as well. This paper provides an update on the current concepts and strategies of MRI in inflammatory diseases of the CNS, as well as a review of the imaging semiology of the various disease entities and variants with emphasis on clinical and imaging particularities relevant to the pediatric patient population.]
Clinical Neuroscience
Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a rare alcohol-associated disorder characterized by demyelination and necrosis of the corpus callosum. We report three patients who had history of chronic alcoholism, different clinical presentation and MRI findings consistent with the diagnosis of Marchiafava-Bignami disease.
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays more and more important role in the abdominal imaging diagnostics since fast measurement sequences have become available making it possible to avoid movement artifacts and resulting in better quality and more informative images of the abdominal parenchymal organs and most segments of the gastrointestinal tract. The greatest advantage of MRI is that it is able to create images of adequate geometric resolution and excellent tissue characterization capacity without the use of ionizing radiation and iodinated contrast media. Today MRI is applied mostly in those cases when previous data suggest that computed tomography will not be informative or the results of recent imaging examinations (x-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography) do not provide sufficient diagnosis. Presumably MRI will be used with increasing frequency as the first or single best method of choice in the near future. Beased on these facts in abdominal diagnostics, MRI may be considered as a problem-solving modality which plays an outstanding role in the detection, differential diagnosis, staging and follow-up of many neoplastic and inflammatory lesions.]
Hungarian Radiology
[INTRODUCTION - The xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is a rare and benign form of lesions associated with diffuse thickening of the gall bladder wall. It is important to recognize it radiologically because it can be mistaken easily for gall bladder carcinoma. The characteristic US, CT and MR findings, however, may be helpful in the differential diagnosis. CASE REPORT - We present the cases of two middleaged female patients suffering from right upper quadrant, radiating abdominal pain for several weeks without occurrence of fever. In both patients, the ultrasound examination revealed marked thickening of the gall bladder wall containing hypoechoic nodules. Further, non-specific sign such as cholecystolithiasis and fine infiltration of the adipose tissue surrounding the gall bladder and dilatation of extrahepatic or intrahepatic bile ducts were visible. On the post contrast CT images, rim enhancement was detectable. MR/MRCP examination showed a sharp delineation of the gall bladder from the liver parenchyma. Both patients underwent cholecystectomy. The pathological examination excluded malignancy and confirmed the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. CONCLUSION - The characteristic features of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (hypoechoic xanthogranulomas in the markedly thickened gall bladder wall and the presence of calculi) can be detected by ultrasound examination. CT or MRI may play an important role in confirmation of the diagnosis of an inflammatory process and provide useful information in exclusion of gall bladder carcinoma.]
Hungarian Radiology
[Our aim is to review the radiologic literature of lung cancer of 2004 and some remarkable publications from 2003. There are three main groups in the recent publications dealing with lung cancer’s radiology. The first group comprises those reviews and metaanalyses which focus on the overall utility and reliability of routinely applied modalities such as CT and MRI. In the second group we find original articles reporting on the experience with new modalities. This group is dominated by publications dealing with positron emission tomography and the first clinical results of combined PET-CT technology. In the third part we review those articles dealing with lung cancer screening. Radiological lung cancer screening is in the focus of interest again, mainly due to the introduction of low-dose CT which is undoubtadly the most sensitive radiological modality for the early detection of lesions, however, its clinical utility is debated. The papers referred are basically sceptic, but this is not the end, because controlled long term follow-up studies are still in progress. Part of the publications report on the first clinical results of new methods, while others give valuable additional data regarding the performance of “well established” radiological modalities.]
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Clinical Neuroscience
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