[High-dose chemotherapy followed by stem cell rescue or allogeneic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of solid tumor with non-hematologic origin applied for more than three decades. High-dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue is the part of standard fi rst line therapy for several chemosensitive tumors with unfavorable outcome (neuroblastoma, Ewing-sarcoma, medulloblastoma), and also successfully applied in certain therapy-resistant or recurrent solid tumors (germ cell tumors, Wilmstumor). Allogeneic transplantation with reduced intensity conditioning is still not successful in terms of survival in pediatric solid tumors with non-hematological origin. In present paper results of autologus and allogeneic stem cell transplantation in different pediatric solid tumor are discussed.]

[The author reviews the interventional radiological methods applicable in tumour therapy. The therapy of non-resectable primary and secondary liver tumours is discussed based on literature data and own experience. The possibilities of percutaneous tumour ablation are limited by the size and number of the tumours. Intra-arterial chemotherapy, chemoembolisation and feeding artery occlusion can be successful resulting in longer life and better quality of life in cases with advanced tumours. The results are better if these methods are combined with systemic chemotherapy.]

[Functional magnetic resonance imaging examinations became an integral part of epilepsy surgery workup. In the pediatric population these examinations are usually carried out in full anesthesia, however in some forms of epilepsy, e.g. electrical status epilepticus in sleep, anesthesia could jeopardize the success of the examination. Here, we show on the example of an eight-year-old polymicrogyric epileptic child, that clonazepam can help suppressing the epileptic activity during propofol anesthesia, so it could facilitate performing passive sensorimotor functional MRI in such a case. Furthermore, among the methodological issues addressed, this case provides evidence for a post-hemispherotomy like functional redistribution of sensorimotor activations to the unaffected hemisphere in a case of childhood epilepsy.]

[Objective - To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam in children with drug resistant epilepsy from a retrospective study. Methods - We report the result of a study of 85 pediatric patients (mean 10.5 years, range: 1-24) with refractory generalized and focal epilepsy, who received levetiracetam as add-on treatment. The average duration of epilepsy was eight years, and the patient were treated with mean of 6.0 antiepileptic drugs befor levetiracetam was introduced. Results - Ten patients (12%) became seizuresfree, three (3%) responded with seizure reduction of more than 90%, 32 (38%) responded with seizure reduction of more than 50% following introduction of levetiracetam. No response to levetiracetam was reported in 34% (n: 29). Positive psychotopic effect was observed in 26 patient (30%). Mild to moderate side effects were reported in 11 patients (13%), consisting most frequently general behavioral changes, agression, sleep disturbances, but they ceased after decreasing the dose of levetiracetam. Mental retardation was associated with poor response and associated with more side effects. Conclusion - Levetiracetam is well tolerated new antiepileptic drug that may effectively improve seizures controll as an addon drug in resistant epilepsy in childhood with good tolerability.]