[The use of adequate imaging protocol reduces morbidity and mortality in emergency cases of pregnant women. The least harmful, but sufficiently informative imaging method should be chosen that provides us with the diagnosis in the shortest delay. Although the reduction of harmful effects is important, life threatening complications can be avoided by an indicated and well effectuated imaging method using ionizing radiation.]

[Patients with hematological malignancies may develop a wide range of pulmonary abnormalities due to the hematological disease itself as well as in response to therapy. Immunosuppression and intensive chemotherapy induced severe neutropenia hold a high risk of infection. Infectionrelated morbidity and mortality are still high. One of the most common infectious complications is invasive mycosis, which is lethal in a high percentage of cases if not treated immediately and adequately. Non-infectious complications, such as secondary pulmonary lymphoma, thromboembolism, hemorrhage or drug induced fibrosis may develop during the course of the disease. Sometimes it is difficult to make a definitive diagnosis. As invasive methods (bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage, biopsy) are mostly contraindicated in these patients with severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, imaging techniques are especially important. It is a great challenge to differentiate infectious and noninfectious processes. CT and HRCT play an essential role in differential diagnosis. An early and accurate diagnosis is sometimes the only chance for survival.]

[PURPOSE - Real-time ultrasonographic elastography is a new imaging technique which is used in characterizing the difference in hardness between pathologic and normal tissue. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of real-time ultrasonographic elastography and Doppler ultrasonography (DUS) individually and combined in differentiation of benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes (LN). PATIENTS AND METHODS - Fifty-one patients (12 men, 39 women) referred for fine-needle aspiration or surgical biopsies of suspected cervical lymph nodes were examined with gray scale ultrasonography, power DUS, and realtime ultrasonographic elastography. During DUS examination vascularity and resistance index (RI) values were evaluated. A five-group elastographic colour code pattern was used to evaluate the ultrasonographic elastograms for LN (pattern 1, an absent or a very small hard area; pattern 2, hard area <45%; pattern 3, hard area ≥45%; pattern 4, peripheral hard and central soft areas; pattern 5, hard area occupying entire solid component with or without soft rim). In addition, strains of LN and surrounding muscles were measured on elastograms, and the muscle-to-LN ratio (strain index) was calculated. Real-time ultrasonographic elastography and DUS results were compared with the final diagnosis obtained by fine-needle aspiration cytology analysis and/or by surgical pathology. The diagnostic potential of the examined criteria for malignancy was evaluated with univariate analysis and multivariate generalized estimating equation regression p≤0.05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS - A strain index higher than 2.45 and colour pattern 4-5 had high utility in malignant LN classification with 93.8% sensitivity, 89.5% specificity (p<0.001). The results were significantly better than those obtained by using DUS characterization - that is, RI greater than 0.57 - which had 78.9% sensitivity (p<0.001). CONCLUSION - Real-time ultrasonographic elastography had 93.8% sensitivity and 89.5% specificity in the differentiation of benign and malignant cervical LN in patients referred for fine-needle aspiration or surgical biopsies with suspicion of malignancy. Real-time ultrasonographic elastography and DUS in addition to gray scale ultrasonography may improve the differential diagnosis of LN.]

[INTRODUCTION - Fournier’s gangrene is a rare, rapidly progressive specific form of necrotizing fasciitis that involves the soft tissues of the genital and perianal regions. The infection may spread from these regions along the abdominal wall or towards the lower limbs and has a very high mortality rate. History of the patient, the clinical features and the imaging techniques all together help to recognize the condition and to localize the affected area. CASE REPORT - We present the case of a thirty-year-old male patient, who had on admission a swollen left lower limb. Deep venous thrombosis was excluded by Doppler us. A few days later an other us examination revealed the fasciitis of the left thigh and the scrotum, originating from the deep gluteal bed-sore of the patient. A CT was performed to define the extent of the process and help the planning of the surgical intervention. The patient has recovered well after the operation. CONCLUSION - Due to the high mortality rate of Fournier’s gangrene it is essential to recognize this condition in time and to provide the appropriate surgical intervention or antibiotic therapy. Imaging modalities play a very important role in the diagnosis of Fournier’s gangrene.]