[CALENDAR OF RADIOLOGICAL EVENTS, 2006]
MARCH 20, 2006
Hungarian Radiology - 2006;80(01-02)
MARCH 20, 2006
Hungarian Radiology - 2006;80(01-02)
Hungarian Radiology
Hungarian Radiology
[There is a spectacular development in diagnostic radiology in the last one and a half decades. State-of-the-art US, CT and MR appliances and the dynamic software developments has improved diagnostic safety by order of magnitude, which resulted in the reduction of possible errors and misinterpretations. The advent of MSCT resulted in shorter scanning times, the submillimeter collimation and the subsecond scan time improves the spatial resolution of the image, the motion artifacts are reduced and the evaluation of the parenchymal organs improves. However, the new technology of MSCT raises new questions. Due to faster data collection the acquisition time decreases, that is why the tracing of the contrast material must be accurately timed. The high contrast material density that appears suddenly in pulsing vessels makes a disturbing effect on its environment, thus making way to erroneous interpretation. The performance of a secondary reconstruction (2D and 3D reconstructions) may diminish the possibility of diagnostic pitfalls and artifacts. Reconstruction increments made from appropriately overlapping thin slices are required for good image quality and spatial resolution, otherwise the image quality is deteriorating, some vessels might “disappear”, they are not depicted. We are struggling with several problems using MIP CTangiography. The proper elimination of the bones, the improper selection of VOI (volume of interest) might lead to false positive result, and the assessment of small vessels might become impossible. The differentiation of soft plaque and vessel thrombus can also be a problem, and the hard plaque may imitate a constriction. The knowledge of breath and pulsating motion artifacts, beam-hardening artifacts and flow-related artifacts is essential. Differentiating difficulties during virtual endoscopy, the partial volumen effect, the interpretation of various post-operative conditions, the disturbing effects of implants may cause diagnostic and differential diagnostic problems. The author gives a summary of possible errors, misinterpretations and artifacts that may occur with the application of MSCT even if examination protocols are followed.]
Hungarian Radiology
Hungarian Radiology
Hungarian Radiology
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most frequently used pharmaceuticals. Nevertheless, a number of studies emphasized that NSAIDs were damaging not only the gastrointestinal (GI), but also the cardiovascular (CV) system, could increase the blood pressure, the frequency of coronary events (angina, myocardial infarction) and stroke incidence, as well as they might deteriorate renal functions. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) did not find evidence that administering NSAIDs could increase the risk of developing COVID-19 or worsened the condition of COVID-19 patients. However, unwanted effects of specific drugs differ substantially in their occurrence and seriousness as well. It seemed to be for a long time that the NSAIDs provoked higher GI-risk was closely related to the COX1/COX2 selectivity, like the cardiovascular (CV) risk to the COX2/COX1 selectivity, however, the recent data did not prove it clearly. Based on the available literature while pondering the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular adverse events, among all NSAIDs the aceclofenac profile seemed to be the most favourable.]
Clinical Neuroscience
Background and aims – Description of two cases of rare intravascular large B-cell lymphoma and secondary T-cell lymphoma diagnosed postmortem, that manifested clinically as longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM). We discuss causes of diagnostic difficulties, deceptive radiological and histological investigations, and outline diagnostic procedures based on our and previously reported cases. Case reports – Our first case, a 48-year-old female was admitted to the neurological department due to paraparesis. MRI suggested LETM, but the treatments were ineffective. She died after four weeks because of pneumonia and untreatable polyserositis. Pathological examination revealed intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVL). Our second case, a 61-year-old man presented with headache and paraparesis. MRI showed small bitemporal lesions and lesions suggesting LETM. Diagnostic investigations were unsuccessful, including tests for possible lymphoma (CSF flow cytometry and muscle biopsy for suspected IVL). Chest CT showed focal inflammation in a small area of the lung, and adrenal adenoma. Brain biopsy sample from the affected temporal area suggested T-cell mediated lymphocytic (paraneoplastic or viral) meningoencephalitis and excluded diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The symptoms worsened, and the patient died in the sixth week of disease. The pathological examination of the presumed adenoma in the adrenal gland, the pancreatic tail and the lung lesions revealed peripheral T-cell lymphoma, as did the brain and spinal cord lesions. Even at histological examination, the T-cell lymphoma had the misleading appearance of inflammatory condition as did the MRI. Conclusion – Lymphoma can manifest as LETM. In cases of etiologically unclear atypical LETM in patients older than 40 years, a random skin biopsy (with subcutaneous adipose tissue) from the thigh and from the abdomen is strongly recommended as soon as possible. This may detect IVL and provide the possibility of prompt chemotherapy. In case of suspicion of lymphoma, parallel examination of the CSF by flow cytometry is also recommended. If skin biopsy is negative but lymphoma suspicion remains high, biopsy from other sites (bone marrow, lymph nodes or adrenal gland lesion) or from a simultaneously existing cerebral lesion is suggested, to exclude or prove diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, IVL, or a rare T-cell lymphoma.
Clinical Neuroscience
Here we report an anterior thoracic meningocele case. Twoyears- old female patient was presented with kyphosis. Azygos lobe of the lung was also demonstrated during radiological studies. Posterolateral thoracotomy incision and extralpeural approach was performed for excision of the anterior meningocele to untether the cord. Although both anomalies are related to faulty embryogenesis and it is well known that faulty embryogenesis may also reveal coexisting abnormalities, we could not speculate a common mechanism for anterior thoracic meningocele and azygos lobe of the lung association.
Hungarian Radiology
Clinical Neuroscience
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Clinical Neuroscience
Alexithymia is associated with cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease3.
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Clinical Neuroscience
[Cases of inborn errors of metabolism diagnosed in children with autism ]2.
Clinical Neuroscience
[The first Hungarian patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome after COVID-19]3.
Clinical Neuroscience
Retinal morphological changes during the two years of follow-up in Parkinson’s disease4.
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