[Recommendation of the neuro-urological section of the Hungarian Rehabilitation Society]
SEPTEMBER 20, 1994
Clinical Neuroscience - 1994;47(09-10)
SEPTEMBER 20, 1994
Clinical Neuroscience - 1994;47(09-10)
[Methodology of bladder catheterisation for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes]
Clinical Neuroscience
[Gliomas constitute more than 50% of brain tumours. Primary malignant forms recur within 1/2 to 1 year after surgery, and even totally removed benign forms may recur. 50% of recurrent astrocytomas are more malignant than the original tumour. The time elapsing until recurrence strongly depends on the degree of malignity and the surgical removal. However, the age of the patient also plays an important role. Survival of the patient after the establishment of diagnosis also depends on the therapy. Effective treatment requires a knowledge of the degree of malignity as well as differentiation between recurrent tumour and radiation necrosis. CT and MRI scans offer high sensitivity, but poor specificity. Evaluation of tumour metabolism by means of 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (PET-FDG) helps to determine the degree of malignity of the gliomas, and recurrent tumour can safely be differentiated from necrosis following radiation therapy.]
Clinical Neuroscience
[The symptoms, localization of cerebral lesions and aetiology were analysed literally data of 78 patients suffering from pure alexia (letter-by-letter reading). During the 100 years since Déjerine's first case study on the issue was been published our knowledge on the clinical and pathomorphological characteristics of pure alexia has become more exact. On the one hand, clinical symptomatology has narrowed, eg. right homonymous hemianopsia is no regarded as a compulsory concomintant symptom on the other hand, the locus of damage underlying the symptoms may be at various areas of the brain (eg. subangular), not only at the occipital regions. The role of the posterior trajectory system in the reading process emphasized. In addition however, taking into account recent neuropsychological findings, the importance of other areas of the brain is presumable. In accordance with cognitive psychological research of the reading process it is concluded that it is essential the is for our understanding of the whole reading process that all of these factors are taken into consideration.]
Clinical Neuroscience
[Combined operative treatment is reported of a fixed malpositioned type III. (according to Anderson-D'Alonso) oblique anterior odontoid process fracture. Due to the ventral and dorsal compression of the spinal canal a part of the dens and a part of the C.li body were transorally removed, and a part of the arch of the atlas also removed by a dorsal approach. The position was fixed by means of a combined method of a transoral Harms-plate and a posterior C.I.-C.II. fransarticular screwing according to Magerl. With this method were achiered proper decompression and stabile C.1.-C.II. arthrodesis.]
Clinical Neuroscience
[Four cases of cerebral aspergillosis are reported. Brain abscesses developed in a patient with chronic alcoholism and pyogenic urogenital process, and in a baby, treated for aplastic anaemia. Haemorrhagic necroses were found in the other two cases, one of them suffered from agressive hepatitis, the other had lymphoid leukaemia. Pulmonary alterations were observed as part of generalised aspergillosis in all the cases. Early diagnosis of pulmonary processes should be emphasized as the disease can hardly be influenced when neurologic symptoms appear.]
Clinical Neuroscience
[The cue-controlled modification of the level of vigilance, as one of the methods of self-control appeared to be a practicable therapeutic intervention for the intentional inhibition of epileptic seizures in some special cases of epilepsy. The authors worked out a variation of the above self-control technique, in which the aura imagined in hypnosis was associated with the change in vigilance in patients suffering from partial epilepsy, in order to enable them to try to inhibit the epileptic fits with this associated modification of the level of alertness during auras. The authors report two cases of intractable partial epileptic patients, in which the patients attained the application of this self-control method. The first patient carried out intentional seizure inhibition in 73 cases over one year, reducing the frequency of the fits from the previous 115 to 77. In the second case, the patient was able to decrease considerably even the number of epileptic auras by learning and applying the technique, consequently the number of auras decreased to 7 compared with the 38 fits observed in the previous 8 months, further he was able to terminate the attack in 6 cases out of auras. The authors think, that their method might be useful for a certain group of patients suffering from partial epilepsy to inhibit epileptic attacks, and would mean a new possibility in the management of intractable cases.]
Clinical Neuroscience
In aging societies, the morbidity and mortality of dementia is increasing at a significant rate, thereby imposing burden on healthcare, economy and the society as well. Patients’ and caregivers’ quality of life and life expectancy are greatly determined by the early diagnosis and the initiation of available symptomatic treatments. Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine have been the cornerstones of Alzheimer’s therapy for approximately two decades and over the years, more and more experience has been gained on their use in non-Alzheimer’s dementias too. The aim of our work was to provide a comprehensive summary about the use of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine for the treatment of Alzheimer’s and non-Alzheimers’s dementias.
Clinical Neuroscience
[In this paper we present the Comprehensive Aphasia Test-Hungarian (CAT-H; Zakariás and Lukács, in preparation), an assessment tool newly adapted to Hungarian, currently under standardisation. The test is suitable for the assessment of an acquired language disorder, post-stroke aphasia. The aims of this paper are to present 1) the main characteristics of the test, its areas of application, and the process of the Hungarian adaptation and standardisation, 2) the first results from a sample of Hungarian people with aphasia and healthy controls. Ninety-nine people with aphasia, mostly with unilateral, left hemisphere stroke, and 19 neurologically intact control participants were administered the CAT-H. In addition, we developed a questionnaire assessing demographic and clinical information. The CAT-H consists of two parts, a Cognitive Screening Test and a Language Test. People with aphasia performed significantly worse than the control group in all language and almost all cognitive subtests of the CAT-H. Consistent with our expectations, the control group performed close to ceiling in all subtests, whereas people with aphasia exhibited great individual variability both in the language and the cognitive subtests. In addition, we found that age, time post-onset, and type of stroke were associated with cognitive and linguistic abilities measured by the CAT-H. Our results and our experiences clearly show that the CAT-H provides a comprehensive profile of a person’s impaired and intact language abilities and can be used to monitor language recovery as well as to screen for basic cognitive deficits in aphasia. We hope that the CAT-H will be a unique resource for rehabilitation professionals and aphasia researchers in aphasia assessment and diagnostics in Hungary. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Invasive investigations show that in two-thirds of patients the myocardial ischaemia persists without obstructive coronary disease and any other heart conditions (INOCA). The underlying cause may be microvascular dysfunction (CMD) with consecutive microvascular coronary disease (MVD) and microvascular or epicardial vasospastic angina (MVA). The modern practice of clinical cardiology while using the developed non-invasive cardiac imaging permits exact measuring of the coronary flow with its characteristic indices. All of these improve the diagnosing of CMD-induced myocardial ischemia and provide opportunity to determine primary MVD cases. Since the recognition and treatment of MVD is significantly underrepresented in the Hungarian medical care, the primary stable microvascular angina (MVA) is described in detail below with its modern invasive and non-invasive differential diagnosis and treatment, concerning especially its frequency provoked by high blood pressure and female coronary heart diseases. There are highlighted all recommended diagnostic procedures available under domestic conditions.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Hungarian professional periodicals started quite late in European context. Their publishing, editing and editorial philosophy were equally influenced by specific historical and political situations. Certain breaking points of history resulted in termination of professional journals (War of Independence 1848-1849, First and Second World Wars), however there were periods, which instigated the progress of sciences and founding of new scientific journals. Both trends were apparent in years after the fall of former Hungarian regime in 1990. The structure of book and journal publishing has changed substantially, some publishers fell “victim” others started successfully as well. The latters include the then-established publishing house Literatura Medica and its own scientific journal, Lege Artis Medicinae (according to its subtitle: New Hungarian Medical Herald) issued first in 1990. Its appearance enhanced significantly the medical press market. Its scientific publications compete with articles of the well-established domestic medical journals however its philosophy set brand-new trends on the market. Concerning the medical community, it takes on its problems and provides a forum for them. These problems are emerging questions in health care, economy and prevention, in close interrelation with system of public health institutions, infrastructure and situation of those providing individual health services. In all of them, Lege Artis Medicinae follows consequently the ideas of traditional social medicine.]
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Journal of Nursing Theory and Practice
[Correlations Between Burnout and Socio-demographic and Workplace Related Factors Among Health-care Workers During The Covid-19 Pandemics]5.
Journal of Nursing Theory and Practice
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