[Hungarian Society of Neurosurgeons]
NOVEMBER 20, 1993
Clinical Neuroscience - 1993;46(11-12)
NOVEMBER 20, 1993
Clinical Neuroscience - 1993;46(11-12)
[Summary of the 1993 OLIVECRONA lecture by Dr. Emil Pásztor, professor]
Clinical Neuroscience
[After a life of struggle and success, and after a serious illness borne with dignity and discipline, death took him at the age of seventy-eight. Even in the last years of his life, ill but tireless, he served his vocation with his knowledge: healing and teaching; patients and interested students; the Clinic. Shortly before his death, he completed his last scientific work, The History of Hungarian Neurology.]
Clinical Neuroscience
[Most of the causative pathological factors in ischemic cerebrovascular events cannot be recognized during the acute stage of the disease partly because of to the complexity of biophysical model of cerebral microcirculation, partly because the causative factors in this model cannot be confidently weighted. Clinical diagnoses on cerebral circulation disorders are based on the fundamental causes of the disorders. Evoking factors are hypotheses, consequently therapies are directed to hypotheses. The mathematical model of cerebral microcircualtion is mondeterministic. The interactions between vascular factors and blood fluidity can be roughly estimated. Judging the therapeutic efficacy is hindered by the nondeterministic disease model, the indefinite clinical clues, their individual variations, heterogenous diagnostic groups, and tendency of spontaneous restoration of symptoms. Non-specific drugs are used to treat cerebral ischemia, and trials making use of monotherapies have failed to change the life expectancy or the clinical course of ischemic patients. The acute stage of the disease cannot be defined and because of the incompleteness of clinical indicators „stroke prevention" appeares to be ambiguious. Therefore, the nature of the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease is at present based on trial and error.]
Clinical Neuroscience
[The authors review here the most recent literature on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis, focusing on the efferent branch of the immune response. They attempt to describe the molecular characteristics of the myelin antigen specific T cell receptors. Identification of the most distinct properties of the disease mediating cells may not only provide clues to the etiology of MS, but also opens new avenues to specific therapeutical approaches.]
Clinical Neuroscience
[T-lymphocytes and molecular engineering]
Clinical Neuroscience
[Endeavours were made to determine why mean velocity and pulsatility index changes in middle and anterior cerebral artery are caused by the unilateral occlusion of the internal carotid artery or by severe stenosis. The transcranial Doppler method is suitable for judgingre pathologic intracranial blood flow conditions, especially when data are compared to those of healthy conditions.]
Clinical Neuroscience
In aging societies, the morbidity and mortality of dementia is increasing at a significant rate, thereby imposing burden on healthcare, economy and the society as well. Patients’ and caregivers’ quality of life and life expectancy are greatly determined by the early diagnosis and the initiation of available symptomatic treatments. Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine have been the cornerstones of Alzheimer’s therapy for approximately two decades and over the years, more and more experience has been gained on their use in non-Alzheimer’s dementias too. The aim of our work was to provide a comprehensive summary about the use of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine for the treatment of Alzheimer’s and non-Alzheimers’s dementias.
Clinical Neuroscience
[In this paper we present the Comprehensive Aphasia Test-Hungarian (CAT-H; Zakariás and Lukács, in preparation), an assessment tool newly adapted to Hungarian, currently under standardisation. The test is suitable for the assessment of an acquired language disorder, post-stroke aphasia. The aims of this paper are to present 1) the main characteristics of the test, its areas of application, and the process of the Hungarian adaptation and standardisation, 2) the first results from a sample of Hungarian people with aphasia and healthy controls. Ninety-nine people with aphasia, mostly with unilateral, left hemisphere stroke, and 19 neurologically intact control participants were administered the CAT-H. In addition, we developed a questionnaire assessing demographic and clinical information. The CAT-H consists of two parts, a Cognitive Screening Test and a Language Test. People with aphasia performed significantly worse than the control group in all language and almost all cognitive subtests of the CAT-H. Consistent with our expectations, the control group performed close to ceiling in all subtests, whereas people with aphasia exhibited great individual variability both in the language and the cognitive subtests. In addition, we found that age, time post-onset, and type of stroke were associated with cognitive and linguistic abilities measured by the CAT-H. Our results and our experiences clearly show that the CAT-H provides a comprehensive profile of a person’s impaired and intact language abilities and can be used to monitor language recovery as well as to screen for basic cognitive deficits in aphasia. We hope that the CAT-H will be a unique resource for rehabilitation professionals and aphasia researchers in aphasia assessment and diagnostics in Hungary. ]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Invasive investigations show that in two-thirds of patients the myocardial ischaemia persists without obstructive coronary disease and any other heart conditions (INOCA). The underlying cause may be microvascular dysfunction (CMD) with consecutive microvascular coronary disease (MVD) and microvascular or epicardial vasospastic angina (MVA). The modern practice of clinical cardiology while using the developed non-invasive cardiac imaging permits exact measuring of the coronary flow with its characteristic indices. All of these improve the diagnosing of CMD-induced myocardial ischemia and provide opportunity to determine primary MVD cases. Since the recognition and treatment of MVD is significantly underrepresented in the Hungarian medical care, the primary stable microvascular angina (MVA) is described in detail below with its modern invasive and non-invasive differential diagnosis and treatment, concerning especially its frequency provoked by high blood pressure and female coronary heart diseases. There are highlighted all recommended diagnostic procedures available under domestic conditions.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Hungarian professional periodicals started quite late in European context. Their publishing, editing and editorial philosophy were equally influenced by specific historical and political situations. Certain breaking points of history resulted in termination of professional journals (War of Independence 1848-1849, First and Second World Wars), however there were periods, which instigated the progress of sciences and founding of new scientific journals. Both trends were apparent in years after the fall of former Hungarian regime in 1990. The structure of book and journal publishing has changed substantially, some publishers fell “victim” others started successfully as well. The latters include the then-established publishing house Literatura Medica and its own scientific journal, Lege Artis Medicinae (according to its subtitle: New Hungarian Medical Herald) issued first in 1990. Its appearance enhanced significantly the medical press market. Its scientific publications compete with articles of the well-established domestic medical journals however its philosophy set brand-new trends on the market. Concerning the medical community, it takes on its problems and provides a forum for them. These problems are emerging questions in health care, economy and prevention, in close interrelation with system of public health institutions, infrastructure and situation of those providing individual health services. In all of them, Lege Artis Medicinae follows consequently the ideas of traditional social medicine.]
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