Background and purpose - Migraine is a risk factor for ischemic stroke in women of childbearing ages. Previous researches revealed a higher prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in migraineurs. Possible differences on the frequencies of hyperhomocysteinemia between migraine with aura and migraine without aura could contribute the established variances in stroke risk between these migraine types. Therefore, we aimed to search if the frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia was different between these subtypes of migraine or not. Methods - We analyzed the findings of serum homocysteine levels in female migraineurs of 16-49 years old who admitted to our outpatient clinic. Results - Homocysteine level was elevated in 13.3% of study population. There were not any significant differences on median serum homocysteine levels between migraine with aura (8.0 mikromol/L) and without aura (8.5 mikromol/L). (p=0.426) The frequencies of hyperhomocysteinemia were also similar (9.1% versus 16.7%, respectively; p=0.373). Correlation analyses did not reveal any linear correlation between ages and homocysteine levels either in group of migraine with aura or in group of migraine without aura (p=0.417 and p=0.647, respectively). Similarly, any linear correlation between disease ages and homocysteine levels either in group of migraine with aura or in group of migraine without aura was not detected (p=0.359 and p=0.849, respectively). Conclusion - The median serum homocysteine levels and the frequencies of hyperhomocysteinemia are similar between migraine with aura and without aura in women of childbearing ages. Therefore, the variances on stroke risk ratios between these types of migraine are probably not originated from the differences of serum homocysteine status.

Here we report an anterior thoracic meningocele case. Twoyears- old female patient was presented with kyphosis. Azygos lobe of the lung was also demonstrated during radiological studies. Posterolateral thoracotomy incision and extralpeural approach was performed for excision of the anterior meningocele to untether the cord. Although both anomalies are related to faulty embryogenesis and it is well known that faulty embryogenesis may also reveal coexisting abnormalities, we could not speculate a common mechanism for anterior thoracic meningocele and azygos lobe of the lung association.

[Objective - We summarize our initial experiences with selective dorsal rhizotomy that we introduced in Hungary to manage the spasticity of patients with cerebral palsy. Patients and methods - Thirty spastic patients were enrolled in our study. All of the patients were operated between July 2014 and June 2015. We performed selective dorsal rhizotomy from a single-level approach at the level of conus medullaris in all cases, with electrophysiological control. Results - We could perform the surgery in all cases safely. Adverse events related either to damage of neurological structures, or to surgery did not occur. The planned rehabilitation courses before and after the operations are in progress in all cases. Conclusion - Selective dorsal rhizotomy is an irreversible surgical intervention to treat spasticity. With sufficient experience and electrophysiological control it can be performed safely, and the early results are promising. ]

[Background: Due to the growing incidence of incontinence, Incontinence-Associated Dermatitis (IAD) is one of the most important health problems nowdays. The most significant challange is the differentiation of IAD and ulcer pressure. Missclassification in practice causes suboptimal prevention and therapy. Thus, in order to provide optimal care, nurses need to be able to properly differentiate between the two illnesses. Objectives: The airm of this analysis was to identify how nurses can classify IAD from ulcer pressure, and how differentiation could be taught to nurses. Method: A systematic review was done wih ’pressure ulcer and ’classification’ and ’nurse’ search words using 3 databases, the Pubmed (NLM), the Science Direct and the Web of Science as basic sources. We relied on articles that were published before September 2018. From the total of 1268 records 7 studies met all the inclusion and exclusion criterias and were chosen for analysis. Results: We counted weighted arithmetic from the results of the studies. In total 4062 nurses participated in the clinical trials. Their weighted mean score was 33,2%. 2132 nurses got some types of education, The weighted mean score of their pre-test was 37%, while their post-test reached 66%. Conclusion: Differentional diagnosis between pressure ulcers and IAD is complicated. However, studies all agree that education in this field produces good results.. ]