Background - The aim of this study was to compare ischemic stroke subtypes with the effects of risk factors, the relationship between grades of kidney disease and the severity of stroke subtypes. Methods - The current study was designed retrospectively and performed with data of patients who were hospitalised due to ischemic stroke. We included 198 subjects who were diagnosed with ischemic stroke of Grade 3 and above with chronic kidney disease. Results - In our study were reported advanced age, coronary artery disease, moderate kidney disease as the most frequent risk factors for cardioembolic etiology. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking and alcohol consumption were the most frequent risk factors for large-artery disease. Female sex and anaemia were the most frequent risk factors for small-vessel disease. Dialysis and severe kidney disease were the most frequent risk factors in unknown etiologies, while male sex, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke and mild kidney disease were the most frequent risk factors for other etiologies. National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores were lower for small-vessel disease compared with other etiologies. This relation was statistically significant (p=0.002). Conclusion - In order to improve the prognosis in ischemic stroke with chronic kidney disease, the risk factors have to be recognised and the treatment options must be modified according to those risk factors.

[Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is endemic affecting 850 million people worldwide. Adequate antihypertensive treatment slows the progression of the kidney disease and also decreases the mortality of this population. Because of the comorbidities and the high cardiovascular risk beta-blockers have to be administered frequently in these patients. Carvedilol is a 3rd generation non-selective beta-blocker with alpha- 1 receptor blocking and antioxidant properties. It is metabolically neutral, it does not increase the risk of new onset diabetes and it does not increase the patients’ body weight. In some animal models of CKD and in several human CKD studies carvedilol has shown to have nephroprotective properties and it also decreased the cardiovascular risk in combination therapies.]

[The number of patients with chronic renal disease is increasing in our country and they are about one million people nowadays. The main causes of this phenomenon are increased number of diabetic, hypertonic, overweight and elderly people, as well as the presenting of calculated GFR results. The care of patients with renal diseases is an interdisciplinary work. Most of them are under care of general practitioners, but those, who are belonging to the high-risk groups, are treated by nephrological outpatients clinics. The capacity of Hungarian nephrological outpatients departments is insufficient, and the dispersion of them is uneven. For better nephrological care, the capacity of these outpatients clinics - including the human resources - must be increased.]

[Aim of the research: To evaluate the efficacy of the treatment and incidence of complications in diabetes type 1 and 2 patients treated with peritoneal dialysis. Research and sampling methods: During a retrospective study with 85 diabetic PD patients (19 type 1 patients and 66 type 2 patients) was compared data of 22 years with regard to the following parameters: Glucose metabolism, body weight, changes in residual urine clearance values, distribution of quantity and glucose content of the solutions used, incidence of infections, and average duration in PD programme before transferring to haemodialysis. Results: All patients, irrespective of their type of diabetes: spend the same time in PD on average, gained body weight during PD. Diabetes type 1 patients: had a lower residual urine clearance, had HbA1c values decreasing during PD, reported peritonitis less frequently, had a higher incidence of catheter-related infections. Diabetes type 2 patients: had a better glucose metabolism, had a higher body weight from the beginning of therapy, required PD solution with higher glucose concentration. Conclusions: Diabetes patients, irrespective of the type of diabetes, can successfully be treated with PD, but require more attention because of their underlying disease and associated complications. ]

[Since the prevalence of obesity has been dramatically increasing worldwide, a better understanding of obesity-related comorbidities leading to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders has become essential. As an active endocrine organ, white adipose tissue secretes adipokines with diverse biological functions. We have found strong correlations between serum chemerin level and atherogenic lipoprotein sub-fractions in obese non-diabetic patients. To better characterize obese patients with and without manifest insulin resistance, we plan to determine serum levels of novel adipokines (omentin-1, vaspin, visfatin, lipocalin-2 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) and various oxidative stress markers including paraoxonase-1 activity, tumor necrosis factor-alfa and interleukin-6 levels, as well as low- and high-density lipoprotein subfractions in them and compare their data with lean individuals. We plan to determine correlations between the levels of novel adipokines and oxidative stress markers and lipoprotein subfractions. Furthermore, based upon our previous observations, we plan to study the potential alterations in the adipokine profile and the ratios of lipoprotein subfractions during a 5-year follow-up in obese patients. Our expected results may help to characterize the involvement of the adipokine profile in the regulation of lipoprotein metabolism. Early screening and treatment of lipid abnormalities may help to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in obesity. ]