[In Hungary the prevalence of cerebrovascular disorders has increased so that each year vascular reconstruction surgery is needed in 2800 cases. However, only a quarter of these eligible patients are operated. After a thorough examination if all the indications for carotid surgery are met, more and more patients will end up in vascular reconstruction units. Angiography and surgery are recommended if the carotid artery stenosis is asymptomatic and is more than 90%. Also, under special conditions an asymptomatic carotid stenosis may caused by indicate surgery (before coronary by-pass operation, etc.). Another indication is a transient ischemic attack, if carotid artery lesion and the stenosis is above 70%. Ulcerated plaques also need surgery because they are a likely source of emboli. After stroke surgery may be necessary if the angiologic status is unstable and further ischemic events, that may lead to disability are expected. An acute stroke rarely calls for surgery. In contrast to this, immediate surgery is needed after repeated, TIA, or crescendo TIA because the risk of stroke is very high in these cases. Finally, sometimes surgery is indicated because of the occlusion of internal and common carotid artery. With vertebrobasilar vascular reconstruction, we do not have enough experience. Cerebrovascular syndromes due to supraaortic vascular lesions are other indications for reconstruction surgery. However, surgery is never a satisfactory substitute for pharmacological treatment.]

[The author provides an overview on the value of evoked potential (EP) methods (VEP, SEP, BAEP, MEP) in the diagnosis and follow-up of various neurological diseases (multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular disorders, degenerative diseases, coma, epilepsy, migraine) by reviewing the literature supported by his own clinical experience. While in the past EP was mainly used for establishing the diagnosis, recently, with the expansion of neuroradiology, it has gained a wider use in the assessment of the severity and extent of the pathologic process and especially in longitudinal follow-up. Its role in the diagnostic phase has diminished. In patients with multiple sclerosis the abnormality of the evoked potentials correlate better with the clinical state than with the MRI results. The method is also suitable to monitor the response to therapy. The importance of the EP tests is illustrated by several case demonstrations.]

[The improvement of contact lens materials and types have made it possible to use contact lenses for visual rehabilitation besides optical and cosmetic use, The high oxygen permeability of contact lenses have extended the age limits for contact lens wear and encouraged clinicians to use them for therapeutic purposes, especially for pain relief and aiding cornea epithelialisation. Con­tact lenses can be worn safely for years if rules of hygiene are followed. Their use is most frequently abandoned because of contact lens related dry eye. Despite the high oxigen permeability, their prolonged wear increases the risk of inflammation.]

[The improvement of contact lens materials and types have made it possible to use contact lenses for visual rehabilitation besides optical and cosmetic use, The high oxygen permeability of contact lenses have extended the age limits for contact lens wear and encouraged clinicians to use them for therapeutic purposes, especially for pain relief and aiding cornea epithelialisation. Contact lenses can be worn safely for years if rules of hygiene are followed. Their use is most frequently abandoned because of contact lens related dry eye. Despite the high oxigen permeability, their prolonged wear increases the risk of inflammation.]