[The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the main causes of cancer-related death globally, and at the same time, it is the main event leading to death in cirrhotic patients. In the etiology of HCC, the non-alcoholic liver disease may be an important cause besides the viral cirrhosis. The HCC’s staging systems (Child-Pugh scores, Cancer of the Liver Italian Programme/CLIP, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer/ BCLC) play an important role in predicting the prognosis and determining the appropriate therapy. In Europe, the treatment strategy is based on the BCLC staging system. Screening of cirrhotic patient is also important because curative therapy is available only for the early-stage HCC. Several therapeutic options exist in the intermediate stage disease; among them the radiofrequency ablation (RFA), the transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and the percutan ethanol injection (PEI) are most important. For the advanced disease, the only approved systemic therapy is sorafenib, which has been well-tolerated and yielded a substantially relative improvement in overall survival. For patient in end-stage disease with impaired liver function or a poor performance status, only supportive care is recommended.]

[Stem cells are special cells of an organism that are capable to continuously renew themselves and, triggered by environmental effects, to differentiate and produce cells suitable for various functions. Due to their special characteristics, stem cells have an exciting potential to fulfil an old dream of physicians: to replace and regenerate damaged cells and tissues. Regenerative medicine has undoubtedly opened new vistas in medicine and provides hope for those with yet uncurable diseases. Here, we briefly describe different kinds of stem cells and their sources and discuss some of their experimental or clinical applications. Besides the bone marrow, which is now considered a traditional stem cell source, we present alternative sources. Among these, we pay special attention to the two stemcell sources that are important for obstetricians and gynaecologists: the umbilical cord (Wharton’s jelly) and the characteristics of the umbilical cord blood. We discuss some aspects of the storage of cord blood (”stem cell banking“) its potential use. Obstetricians and gynaecologists have an important role and a great responsibility in promoting the collection and, if necessary, the use of these stem cells. Communicating with patients and informing them about the their possible therapeutic applications stem cells is a part of this process as well as obtaining cord blood and preserving a segment of the cord. Obstetricians and gynaecologists should help to save as much as possible the umbilical cord and cord blood, which become ”redundant“ after birth but are a great source of multipotent mesenchymal and haemopoietic stem cells, which can be used in various fields of 21st-century medicine.]

[Aim of the research: Functional independence determines the elderly’s health and quality of life. In them cross-sectional study the authors analysed the associations between functional abilities (balance, gait, functional mobility, cognitive abilities), age, BMI and comorbidities and independency in older adults with cognitive impairment. Research and sampling methods: 110 elderly people were measured. Self-sufficiency was measured by the Katz-index, balance, and gait by the Tinetti Test and functional mobility by the Timed Up and Go Test. Correlations between variables were analysed with the Spearman’s rank-order correlation. Results: There was strong association between balance (r=0,557), gait (r=0,515), functional mobility (r=-0,647), and independency. It means the better the balance, gait, and functional mobility is, the higher the independency is. There was weak association between age, BMI, cognitive abilities, comorbidities and independency. Conclusion: Results show that preserving of the functional independence in older adults with cognitive impairment is a multidisciplinary task: physiotherapists and nurses should work together to complete doctors’ curative work of chronic diseases.]

[Objectives - It is widely believed that oppressive dreams are frequent in bereavement - despite the lack of scientific investigations of the subject. The aims of our study were the analysis of dream quality as well as the correlates of oppressive dreams in bereavement. Method - Participants with (N=473) and without bereavement were compared upon the database of a national representative study (Hungarostudy Epidemiological Panel Survey 2006, N=4329). Dream contents were assessed with the Dream Quality Questionnaire (DQQ). Depressive symptoms (BDI-S) and the presence anxiety were also investigated. Results - Oppressive dreams occurred significantly higher frequency in the first year of bereavement (men: F=17.525, p<0.001, women: F=8.291, p=0.004). Oppressive dreams were significantly associated with anxiety (F=37.089, p<0.001) and with depressive symptoms (F=50.562, p<0.001). Discussion - Oppressive dreams are significantly more frequent in the first year of bereavement, and may act as indicators of bereavement-linked mental health consequences like depression and anxiety. These are often masked by the symptoms of grief and therefore remain untreated. Our preliminary results could be a starting point for the development of further research aiming to clarify the relationship amongst dream contents, anxiety, and depression in bereavement.]