[The place of orthorexia nervosa (ON) - described by Bratman in 1997 - is not clearly defined in the diagnostic systems. However, the increasing number of clinical experiences and research data gives us more and more information about the epidemiology, and the social and individual characteristics of ON. The general population shows a 6.9% prevalence of ON; healthcare professionals are at high risk of ON with the prevalence rate of 35-57.6%. Education, the choice of profession, socioeconomic status and the internalization of the ideals of society are significant factors in the development of ON, while sex, age and body mass index do not seem to be determining variables in this respect. The lack of common criteria and proper research results on ON makes it impossible to generalize data on the general population. Further studies with larger representative samples and assessment instruments with good psychometric properties are necessary to make research data on ON comparable.]

[INTRODUCTION - Diabetes mellitus is responsible for a huge burden of disease all over the world, including Hungary, as well. The object of our study was to estimate the direct health care costs of treating patients with diabetes, in order to characterize this aspect of the burden of disease, and to facilitate the use of this information in further analyses. METHODS - We used the data of the National Health Fund. Diabetic patients were defined as persons who filled in a prescription of oral antidiabetics (OAD) or insulin in the second half of 2007. We divided this study population into two groups depending on whether they were or were not hospitalised for major complications of diabetes in 2007-2008. The group that was not hospitalised was further divided into three subgroups according to the use of drugs (only OAD, only insulin, OAD and insulin). In all study groups, we estimated the mean, the standard deviation, and the median of health care costs for each cost item by age group in the whole study group and among those who actually used a particular service. Additionally, we took samples of patients who were hospitalised for specific complications, and estimated the health care costs for the first and for the second year after the occurrence of the complication. RESULTS - The mean health care cost of the 521,545 diabetic patients involved in the analysis was 335 thousand HUF. It was 633 thousand HUF for those who were hospitalised for complications, 242 thousand for OAD users without complications, and 449 thousand for insulin users without complications. 53% of the total cost covered drug treatment and 27% acute hospital treatment. 26% of the total drug cost was spent on OADs and on insulin. The acute hospital cost and the drug cost had multiplied within the first year of complication. The latter remained high or further increased in the second year. CONCLUSION - The healthcare cost of diabetes is already very high in Hungary, especially the care for its complications. Considering the burden of disease that manifests in premature mortality, reduction in quality of life, and high cost, and the epidemiological trends, diabetes mellitus should be a public health priority in Hungary.]

[This review article is concerned with the role of electromyography (EMG) in the clinical diagnostic work. After a summary on the developmental history of electromyography, the most important EMG methods are presented. The modern quantitative EMG methods are sensitive and accurate thus providing important information in the evaluation of various neurological diseases, particularly in the diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders. The EMG examinations are useful tool for the clinician only if the applied methods are carefully chosen and properly performed and the rules of interpretation are strictly followed.]

[Introduction - Radiotherapy plays important role in the complex oncological treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The modern 3D radiotherapy treatments are based on cross-sectional CT and MR information, however more attention is being paid to functional hybrid imaging describing the biological and functional morphology of tumor lesions. 18F-DOPA is an amino acid tracer with high specificity and sensitivity, which may play an important role in the precise definition of target volume in the irradiation process of GBM patients. Our study presents the first experiences with 18F-DOPA based PET/CT/MR 3D irradiation planning process. Methods - In Hungary the 18F-DOPA radiotracer has been available for clinical use since September 2017. Between September 2017 and January 2018, at the Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital Dr. József Baka Diagnostic, Radiation Oncology, Research and Teaching Center 3 histologically verified glioblastoma multiforme patients received 18F-DOPA based 3D irradiation treatment. In the contouring process the native planning CT scanes were fused with the PET/MR series (T1 contrast enhanced, T2 and 18F-DOPA sequences). We defined 18F-DOPA uptake volume (BTV-F-DOPA), the T1 contrast enhanced MRI volume (GTV-T1CE), and the volume of the area covered by oedema on the T2 weighted MRI scan (CTV-oedema) in all patients. We also registered the BTV-F-DOPA volumes not covered by the conventional MR based target volumes. Results - Examining the 3 cases, the average volume of 18F-DOPA tumor was 22.7 cm3 (range 15.3-30.9; SD = 7.82). The average GTV T1 CE was found to be 8.7 cm3 (range 3.8-13.2; SD = 4.70). The mean CTV oedema volume was 40.3 cm3 (range 27.7-57.7; SD = 15.36). A non-overlapping target volume difference (BTV-F-DOPA not covered by CTV oedema area) was 4.5 cm3 (range 1-10.3; SD = 5.05) for PTV definition. Conclusion - Based on our results the tumor area defined by the amino acid tracer is not fully identical with the MRI defined T2 oedema CTV. 18F-DOPA defined BTV can modify the definiton of the PTV, and the radiotherapy treatment. ]

[Aim of the research: The exploration of deficiencies arising of patients’ education about the anticoagulans treatment. Research and sampling methods: The research happened at the lying patients on the class, all those who take the anticoagulans medication. Results: The patients’ information is inapposite. This information happened only on the beginning of the treatment, and sometimes they did not receive suitable information about this problem. Conclusions: The information and the ecucation are inapposite of oral anticoagulans treatment. ]