[CYCLIC RIFAXIMIN TREATMENT IN UNCOMPLICATED COLONIC DIVERTICULAR DISEASE - AN OPEN LABEL STUDY]
SIMON László, SALAMON Ágnes, FELFÖLDI Ferenc, TAM Beatrix, SÁNTA Judit, VADÁSZ Edit
FEBRUARY 21, 2006
Lege Artis Medicinae - 2006;16(02)
SIMON László, SALAMON Ágnes, FELFÖLDI Ferenc, TAM Beatrix, SÁNTA Judit, VADÁSZ Edit
FEBRUARY 21, 2006
Lege Artis Medicinae - 2006;16(02)
[INTRODUCTION - Aquired diverticular disease of the colon is extremely common in developed countries. Poorly absorbing antibiotics may have beneficial effects on symptoms in long-term treatment. An open study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of rifaximin in the prevention of complaints and recurrent diverticulitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS - Thirty consecutive patients with proven uncomplicated colonic diverticulosis were selected to receive rifaximin 200 mg bid for the first six days of every month, for six months. They were also advised to consume an high-fibre diet. Patients were reviewed on a monthly basis by clinical examinations; changes in symptom variables (lower abdominal pain, upper abdominal pain, bloating, tenesmus, diarrhoea, abdominal tenderness) were evaluated on a 10-point Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the presence of acute diverticulitis (abdominal mass, fever, US) was ruled out at every monthly visit. RESULTS - Twenty-nine of 30 patients completed the study. After six months of cyclic rifaximin treatment the global symptom score decreased in all patients compared to the baseline. Acute diverticulitis, other complications or side effects were not observed. CONCLUSIONS - In this open study cyclic administration of a relatively low dose of rifaximin in uncomplicated colonic diverticular disease resulted in the reduction of abdominal complaints and prevented recurrent diverticulitis. This effect might be explained by a reduced metabolic activity of intestinal bacterial flora.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
Lege Artis Medicinae
Lege Artis Medicinae
Lege Artis Medicinae
Lege Artis Medicinae
[Antibiotic therapy might alter gut microbiome. The consequence of that is dysbiosis with or without immediate overt clinical manifestation. The beneficial effect of rifaximin, a non-absorbable broad spectrum antibiotic, in gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders is known for a long time. According to recent data rifaximin has not only antibiotic but also anti-inflammatory and, within antibiotics, a unique special eubiotic effect as well. It modulates the gut microbiome, restores eubiosis through increasing beneficial species’ count while not disturbing diversity.]
Lege Artis Medicinae
[As acute or chronic liver diseases progress, liver failure and related hepatic encephalopathy may develop. The latter occurs in more than 70% of patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Because of declining cognitive functions, sleep disturbances, memory problems and impaired motion coordination, this condition can - even in mild form - limit the patient's self-sufficiency and activity and can lead to a decreased quality of life and ability to work. Its most advanced stage, hepatic coma is one of the leading causes of liver-related mortality. These conditions generate a substantial healthcare costs. Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy involves dietary restrictions, prevention and treatment of precipitating factors, inhibition of the production and absorption of toxic substances (especially ammonia) and restoration of the amino acid balance. In addition to the traditionally used treatment with disaccharids (lactulose, lactitol), evidence has been accumulating regarding the efficacy and safety of a nonabsorbable antibiotic compound, rifaximin, which targets enteral pathogen bacteria, both in treatment and in prevention of hepatic encephalopathy. Artificial liver support therapies have been also introduced in Hungary. This review summarises the experience regarding treatment of hepatic encephalography for physicians involved in the management of patients with hepatic diseases.]
Although vertigo is one of the most common complaints, intracranial malignant tumors rarely cause sudden asymmetry between the tone of the vestibular peripheries masquerading as a peripheral-like disorder. Here we report a case of simultaneous temporal bone infiltrating macro-metastasis and disseminated multi-organ micro-metastases presenting as acute unilateral vestibular syndrome, due to the reawakening of a primary gastric signet ring cell carcinoma. Purpose – Our objective was to identify those pathophysiological steps that may explain the complex process of tumor reawakening, dissemination. The possible causes of vestibular asymmetry were also traced. A 56-year-old male patient’s interdisciplinary medical data had been retrospectively analyzed. Original clinical and pathological results have been collected and thoroughly reevaluated, then new histological staining and immunohistochemistry methods have been added to the diagnostic pool. During the autopsy the cerebrum and cerebellum was edematous. The apex of the left petrous bone was infiltrated and destructed by a tumor mass of 2x2 cm in size. Histological reexamination of the original gastric resection specimen slides revealed focal submucosal tumorous infiltration with a vascular invasion. By immunohistochemistry mainly single infiltrating tumor cells were observed with Cytokeratin 7 and Vimentin positivity and partial loss of E-cadherin staining. The subsequent histological examination of necropsy tissue specimens confirmed the disseminated, multi-organ microscopic tumorous invasion. Discussion – It has been recently reported that the expression of Vimentin and the loss of E-cadherin is significantly associated with advanced stage, lymph node metastasis, vascular and neural invasion and undifferentiated type with p<0.05 significance. As our patient was middle aged and had no immune-deficiency, the promoting factor of the reawakening of the primary GC malignant disease after a 9-year-long period of dormancy remained undiscovered. The organ-specific tropism explained by the “seed and soil” theory was unexpected, due to rare occurrence of gastric cancer to metastasize in the meninges given that only a minority of these cells would be capable of crossing the blood brain barrier. Patients with past malignancies and new onset of neurological symptoms should alert the physician to central nervous system involvement, and the appropriate, targeted diagnostic and therapeutic work-up should be established immediately. Targeted staining with specific antibodies is recommended. Recent studies on cell lines indicate that metformin strongly inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of gastric cancer cells. Therefore, further studies need to be performed on cases positive for epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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