[Most of the renal transplant recipients suffer from hypertension. Hypertension substantially contributes to the high cardiovascular mortality in this population. The recommendation of the Hungarian Society of Hypertension and the international guidelines suggest to achieve less than 130/80 mmHg as target blood pressure in these patients. Several factors may be in the background of hypertension after kidney transplantation, which can be summarized as factors from the recipient-side, the donorside and factors provoked by transplantation itself. In most of the cases early after transplantation high doses of immunosuppressive drugs (especially calcineurin inhibitors and steroids) are responsible for the increased blood pressure. There are some further special methods apart from the general recommendations which are needed during the examination of hypertension of kidney transplant patients: e.g. measurement of blood trough-level of immunosuppressive drugs, investigation of bone-mineral disorder, screening for the level and causes of anaemia, check-up of the renal graft circulation. Kidney transplant patients suffering from hypertension usually need more than two antihypertensive drugs beyond the use of non-pharmaceutical antihypertensive methods. In the early posttransplantation period calcium channel blockers are preferred antihypertensive medications, because they counterbalance the vasoconstrictive effect of calcineurin inhibitors. The administration of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitors are rather suggested after the stabilization of renal function (from the 1-3 months posttransplantation). When designing antihypertensive strategy, comorbidities and special factors should be regarded as well, especially volume overload, proteinuria, allograft function (GFR), diabetes, other cardiovascular risk factors, previous cardiovascular events. The setup of an individual therapeutical strategy is advised in view of all these factors, which is different according to the timing after transplantation: the perioperative, the early postoperative phases and from 1-3 months after transplantation have special focuses.]

[The aging of the population, the high prevalence of chronic diseases and the consequent rapid increase of healthcare expenditures present a difficult challenge for the medical care system and for the society in the developed countries. Sleep disorders are increasingly recognized as very frequent chronic diseases with significant pathophysiological and psychosocial consequences. In the last 20 years an increasing number of studies reported high prevalence of sleep disorders, such as restless legs syndrome in patients with kidney disease. Chronic renal failure is the most common condition presenting with secondary restless legs syndrome. It is associated with insomnia, depressive symptoms and anxiety, impaired quality of life, as well as elevated cardiovascular risk. Compliance of the patients with restless legs syndrome is decreased, and it is more likely that they discontinue dialysis treatment. This may be related to higher mortality in kidney disease patients with restless legs syndrome.]

[In this review the aspects of long-term therapy and patient care with the management of renal transplantation of patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome are summarized. The indication and practice of plasmapheresis in adult and childhood patients are described. Furthermore, additional therapies, such as requirement for immunosuppressive treatment are also mentioned. In addition, detailed information is given about the associations of different genetic variations and risk of renal transplantfailure in these patients. At the end of the review novel observations are summarized about the clinical data obtained with the emerging anti-C5 monoclonal antibody, eculizumab.]

[Chronic kidney disease has profound effects on the health related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with serious physiological, psychological and socio-economic implications. The co-occurrence of protein-energy wasting (PEW) and inflammation in end stage renal disease patients is associated with worse HRQoL and increased mortality. We designed this study to examine the relationship between nutritional and inflammatory status and HRQoL in kidney transplant recipients. Data from 100 randomly selected kidney transplant patients were analyzed in a crosssectional survey. Socio-demographic parameters, laboratory results, transplantation related data, co-morbidities, medication and malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS) (Kalantar Score) were tabulated at baseline. Patients completed the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-SF (KDQoL-SFTM) self-administered questionnaire. Mean age was 51±13 years, median (interquartile range, IQR) time since transplantation 66 (83) months, 57% were males and 19% had diabetes. The median (IQR) MIS was 3 (3). MIS significantly and negatively correlated with almost all HRQoL domains analyzed, and this association remained significant in multivariate linear regression analysis for the log-transformed scores on energy/fatigue (β=-0.059, p<0.001), bodily pain (β=-0.056, p=0.004), physical functioning (β=-0.029, p=0.022), and symptoms/problems (β=-0.023, p=0.005) domains after statistical correction for age, gender, eGFR, dialysis vintage, Charlson Comorbidity Index and occupational status. Additionally, cubic spline analyses revealed linearly increasing, “dose-response” relationship between almost all domains of KDQoL-SFTM and the MIS. Malnutrition Inflammation Score is independently associated with different dimensions of health related quality of life in kidney transplant recipients.]

[INTRODUCTION - Stenosis, occlusion and necrosis of the ureter after kidney transplantation occur in 2-13%. The therapeutic choices are surgery or minimally invasive endourological and percutaneous procedures. We analysed our therapeutic plan and results using percutaneous dilatation and stenting. PATIENTS AND METHODS - The patients after kidney transplantation are regularly examined by ultrasound. In cases of suspected obstruction we perform scintigraphy and CT-urography, and if indicated, we place percutaneous nephrostomy. Between July of 2000 and September of 2002, 15 stenosis in 14 patients were dilated and stented percutaneously. RESULTS - We found one restenosis after 6 months due to compression. This patient underwent surgery, but after the operation another stenosis has developed. We treated it percutaneously. One nephrectomy had to be performed due to serious infection. In one patient stent migration occured and surgical intervention was performed. 12 patients have free urine passage and good kidney function as a result of percutaneous therapy. CONCLUSION - We have good results with percutaneous ureter dilatation and stenting, but our follow-up time (31 months) must be longer for the evaluation of long-term results. The percutaneous treatment can partly replace endourological and surgical methods or can be combined with each other.]